scholarly journals Cloacal Gram-Negative Microbiota in Free-Living Grass Snake Natrix natrix from Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2166-2171
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pawlak ◽  
Katarzyna Morka ◽  
Stanisław Bury ◽  
Zuzanna Antoniewicz ◽  
Anna Wzorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Natrix Natrix ◽  
Grass Snake

Interaction of a Free-Living Soil Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, with Surrogates of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY L. ANDERSON ◽  
KRISHAUN N. CALDWELL ◽  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT ◽  
PHILLIP L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Free-living nematodes may harbor, protect, and disperse bacteria, including those ingested and passed in viable form in feces. These nematodes are potential vectors for human pathogens and may play a role in foodborne diseases associated with fruits and vegetables eaten raw. In this study, we evaluated the associations between a free-living soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Escherichia coli, an avirulent strain of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria welshimeri, and Bacillus cereus. On an agar medium, young adult worms quickly moved toward colonies of all four bacteria; over 90% of 3-day-old adult worms entered colonies within 16 min after inoculation. After 48 h, worms moved in and out of colonies of L. welshimeri and B. cereus but remained associated with E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium colonies for at least 96 h. Young adult worms fed on cells of the four bacteria suspended in K medium. Worms survived and reproduced with the use of nutrients derived from all test bacteria, as determined for eggs laid by second-generation worms after culturing for 96 h. Development was slightly slower for worms fed gram-positive bacteria than for worms fed gram-negative bacteria. Worms that fed for 24 h on bacterial lawns formed on tryptic soy agar dispersed bacteria over a 3-h period when they were transferred to a bacteria-free agar surface. The results of this study suggest that C. elegans and perhaps other free-living nematodes are potential vectors for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including foodborne pathogens in soil.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Chromosome Replication and Its Relationship to Predatory Attack Lifestyles inBdellovibrio bacteriovorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Makowski ◽  
Damian Trojanowski ◽  
Rob Till ◽  
Carey Lambert ◽  
Rebecca Lowry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chromosome Replication ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Attack Phase ◽  
Two Phases

ABSTRACTBdellovibrio bacteriovorusis a small Gram-negative, obligate predatory bacterium that is largely found in wet, aerobic environments (e.g., soil). This bacterium attacks and invades other Gram-negative bacteria, including animal and plant pathogens. The intriguing life cycle ofB. bacteriovorusconsists of two phases: a free-living nonreplicative attack phase, in which the predatory bacterium searches for its prey, and a reproductive phase, in whichB. bacteriovorusdegrades a host’s macromolecules and reuses them for its own growth and chromosome replication. Although the cell biology of this predatory bacterium has gained considerable interest in recent years, we know almost nothing about the dynamics of its chromosome replication. Here, we performed a real-time investigation into the subcellular localization of the replisome(s) in single cells ofB. bacteriovorus. Our results show that inB. bacteriovorus, chromosome replication takes place only during the reproductive phase and exhibits a novel spatiotemporal arrangement of replisomes. The replication process starts at the invasive pole of the predatory bacterium inside the prey cell and proceeds until several copies of the chromosome have been completely synthesized. Chromosome replication is not coincident with the predator cell division, and it terminates shortly before synchronous predator filament septation occurs. In addition, we demonstrate that if thisB. bacteriovoruslife cycle fails in some cells ofEscherichia coli, they can instead use second prey cells to complete their life cycle.IMPORTANCENew strategies are needed to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Application of the predatory bacteriumBdellovibrio bacteriovorus, which kills other bacteria, including pathogens, is considered promising for combating bacterial infections. TheB. bacteriovoruslife cycle consists of two phases, a free-living, invasive attack phase and an intracellular reproductive phase, in which this predatory bacterium degrades the host’s macromolecules and reuses them for its own growth. To understand the use ofB. bacteriovorusas a “living antibiotic,” it is first necessary to dissect its life cycle, including chromosome replication. Here, we present a real-time investigation into subcellular localization of chromosome replication in a single cell ofB. bacteriovorus. This process initiates at the invasion pole ofB. bacteriovorusand proceeds until several copies of the chromosome have been completely synthesized. Interestingly, we demonstrate that some cells ofB. bacteriovorusrequire two prey cells sequentially to complete their life cycle.

Novel microsatellite loci in the grass snake (Natrix natrix) and cross-amplification in the dice snake (Natrix tessellata)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. MEISTER ◽  
G. F. J. ARMBRUSTER ◽  
N. FRAUENFELDER ◽  
B. BAUR
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Cross Amplification ◽  
Natrix Natrix ◽  
Grass Snake

Food Habits of the Grass Snake in Southeastern England: Is Natrix natrix a Generalist Predator?

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Gregory ◽  
Leigh Anne Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Natrix Natrix ◽  
Grass Snake
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