Haemolymph osmolality and thermal hysteresis activity in 17 species of arthropods from sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Polar Biology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 928-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent J. Sinclair ◽  
Steven L. Chown
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis Activity

scholarly journals Ice Growth Acceleration by Antifreeze Proteins Leads to Higher Thermal Hysteresis Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzi Deng ◽  
Elana Apfelbaum ◽  
Ran Drori
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis Activity ◽  
Adsorption Rates

<p>Since some antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins (AF(G)Ps) cannot directly bind to all crystal planes, they change ice crystal morphology by minimizing the area of the crystal planes to which they cannot bind until crystal growth is halted. Previous studies found that growth along the <i>c</i>-axis (perpendicular to the basal plane, the crystal plane to which these AF(G)Ps cannot bind) is accelerated by some AF(G)Ps, while growth of other planes is inhibited. The effects of this growth acceleration on crystal morphology and on the thermal hysteresis activity are unknown to date. Understanding these effects will elucidate the mechanism of ice growth inhibition by AF(G)Ps. Using cold stages and an Infrared laser, ice growth velocities and crystal morphologies in AF(G)P solutions were measured. Three types of effects on growth velocity were found: concentration-dependent acceleration, concentration-independent acceleration, and concentration-dependent deceleration. Quantitative crystal morphology measurements in AF(G)P solutions demonstrated that adsorption rate of the proteins to ice plays a major role in determining the morphology of the bipyramidal crystal. These results demonstrate that faster adsorption rates generate bipyramidal crystals with diminished basal surfaces at higher temperatures compared to slower adsorption rates. The acceleration of growth along the <i>c</i>-axis generates crystals with smaller basal surfaces at higher temperatures leading to increased growth inhibition of the entire crystal.<a></a></p>

Discovery of an antifreeze protein in the leaves of Ammopiptanthus nanus

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yu ◽  
L. Yin ◽  
S. Mu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis Activity ◽  
Ammopiptanthus Nanus

Overwintering plants produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that allow plants to survive under freezing or sub-freezing conditions. Ammopiptanthus nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f. grows in the desert of Xinjiang, P.R. China, and our objective was to determine if its survival was dependent on AFP and to identify the protein. Using anion exchange and gel filtration, the AFP was extracted, isolated and purified from cold-acclimated A. nanus leaves. The thermal hysteresis activity (THA) of the antifreeze proteins was measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The THA of the AFP was 0.46°C when the concentration of the protein was 20 mg mL-1. The molecular weight of a band was about 119.24 kDa in SDS-PAGE gel. We detected (P < 0.05) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit by analyzing the 119.24 kDa protein using the Waters SYNAPT™ high definition mass spectrometry (HDMS™) System. Our results indicate that there is an AFP in A. nanus leaves, and that it may play a vital role as a defence against the cold climate, thus increasing the chances for survival of A. nanus in its desert habitat.Key words: Thermal hysteresis activity, differential scanning calorimetry, extraction, purification, cold climate, desert habitat

Multiple independent reduction or loss of antifreeze trait in low Antarctic and sub-Antarctic notothenioid fishes

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshoanelo Miya ◽  
Ofer Gon ◽  
Monica Mwale ◽  
C.-H. Christina Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoprotein ◽  
Antarctic Notothenioids ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Status

AbstractAntifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) in Antarctic notothenioids presumably evolved once at the base of the notothenioid radiation in the Southern Ocean. Some species closely related to the endemic Antarctic notothenioids occur in non-freezing sub-Antarctic waters where antifreeze protection is unnecessary. We examined the antifreeze trait (phenotype and genotype) of these sub-Antarctic species to help infer their evolutionary history and origin. The status of the AFGP genotype (AFGP coding sequences in DNA) and/or phenotype (serum thermal hysteresis) varies widely, from being undetectable in Dissostichus eleginoides and Patagonotothen species from the Falkland Islands, minimal in Marion Island Paranotothenia magellanica and Lepidonotothen squamifrons from the South Sandwich and Bouvet islands, to considerable genotype in the Falkland Islands Champsocephalus esox and Marion Island Harpagifer georgianus. All low Antarctic notothenioid species examined show substantial AFGP trait. Mapping of the AFGP trait status onto ND2 phylogenetic trees of a large sampling of notothenioids revealed that AFGP trait reduction or loss occurred at least three independent times in different lineages.

Effects of antifreeze proteins on red blood cell survival during cryopreservation.

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (9) ◽  
pp. 2071-2076
Author(s):  
H Chao ◽  
P L Davies ◽  
J F Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Ice Recrystallization ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis Activity ◽  
Mutant Forms

Antifreeze protein (AFP) types, I, II and III were tested for their ability to protect red blood cells from lysis during warming, after cryopreservation in hydroxyethyl starch. All three types reduced hemolysis to 25% of control values at similar micromolar concentrations but enhanced lysis as the AFP concentration approached millimolar levels. Site-directed mutants of type III AFP with different thermal hysteresis activities were tested for their ability to protect the cryopreserved cells from lysis. Their relative efficacy in protecting the cells correlated closely with their thermal hysteresis activity. Cryomicroscopy indicated that the protection of red cells by type III AFP and the mutant forms was due to inhibition of ice recrystallization.

Experimental correlation between thermal hysteresis activity and the distance between antifreeze proteins on an ice surface

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 7848-7853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Drori ◽  
Peter L. Davies ◽  
Ido Braslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis Activity ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Experimental Correlation ◽  
Temperature Controlled

Temperature-controlled microfluidic devices and fluorescence microscopy illustrate the correlation between freezing-point depression and the distance between antifreeze proteins on an ice surface.

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