Speed of sound measurements and mixing characterization of underexpanded fuel jets with supercritical reservoir condition using laser-induced thermal acoustics

Density (ρ), speed of sound (U), and the derived magnitudes of two diethylmethylammoniumionic liquids (ILs) against temperature have been studied in this work. The chosen ILs were diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate [C2C2C1N][OTf] and diethylmethylammonium methanesulfonate [C2C2C1N][MeSO3]. In order to analyze the influence of water content, saturated and dried samples of these ILs were studied. The ILs were dried using a vacuum pump, and the saturation level (28% and 6% in weight for [C2C2C1N][MeSO3] and [C2C2C1N][OTf], respectively) was achieved by keeping the ILs in an open bottle at ambient temperature. Direct measurements of density and speed of sound were taken with an Anton Paar DSA 5000. Linear equations were used to express the correlation of both properties with temperature, and the thermal expansion coefficient, αp, and the adiabatic bulk modulus constant, KS, have been also obtained. Additionally, results were compared with previous literature data in order to have a deeper understanding of the liquid properties and detect possible anomalous behaviors. The effect of water content is different on both properties. Thus, the density of the samples slightly increases when water is removed, whereas the opposite behavior was found with regard to the speed of sound, which decreased when the water content was completely removed.

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Thermomechanical and Photophysical Properties of Crystal-Violet-Dye/H2O Based Dissolutions via the Pulsed Laser Photoacoustic Technique

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/674719 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Vicente Torres-Zúñiga ◽

Rosalba Castañeda-Guzmán ◽

Santiago J. Pérez-Ruiz ◽

Omar G. Morales-Saavedra

Keyword(s):

Crystal Violet ◽

Speed Of Sound ◽

Acoustic Waves ◽

Photophysical Properties ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Photoacoustic Technique ◽

Sound Waves ◽

Acoustic Attenuation

Different thermoelastic parameters, for example, the acoustic attenuation and the speed of sound, are fundamental for instrumental calibration and quantitative characterization of organic-based dissolutions. In this work, these parameters as functions of the concentration of an organic dye (crystal-violet: CV) in distillated water (H2O) based dissolutions are investigated. The speed of sound was measured by the pulsed-laser photoacoustic technique (PLPA), which consists in the generation of acoustic-waves by the optical absorption of pulsed light in a given material (in this case a liquid sample). The thermally generated sound-waves traveling through a fluid are detected with two piezoelectric sensors separated by a known distance. An appropriate processing of the photoacoustic signals allows an adequate data analysis of the generated waves within the system, providing an accurate determination of the speed of sound as function of the dye-concentration. The acoustic attenuation was calculated based on the distance of the two PZT-microphones to an acoustic-source point and performing linear-fitting of the experimental data (RMS-amplitudes) as function of the dye-concentration. An important advantage of the PLPA-method is that it can be implemented with poor or null optical transmitting materials permitting the characterization of the mechanical and concentration/aggregate properties of dissolved organic compounds.

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Ultrasound Characterization of Microbead and Cell Suspensions by Speed of Sound Measurements of Neutrally Buoyant Samples

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01388 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (17) ◽

pp. 8917-8923 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kevin W. Cushing ◽

Fabio Garofalo ◽

Cecilia Magnusson ◽

Lars Ekblad ◽

Henrik Bruus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Speed Of Sound ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

Neutrally Buoyant

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Evaluation of Ultrasonic Methods for In-Situ Real-Time Characterization of Drilling Mud

Volume 2: Fora ◽

10.1115/fedsm2005-77488 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Judith Ann Bamberger ◽

Margaret S. Greenwood

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Real Time ◽

Speed Of Sound ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Drilling Process ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Well Control

A real time multi-functional ultrasonic sensor system is proposed to provide automated drilling fluid monitoring that can improve the capability and development of slimhole and microhole drilling. This type of reliable, accurate, and affordable drilling fluid monitoring will reduce the overall costs in exploration and production. It will also allow more effective drilling process automation while providing rig personnel a safer and more efficient work environment. Accurate and timely measurements of drilling fluid properties such as flow rate, density, viscosity, and solid loading are key components for characterizing rate of drill penetration, providing early warning of lost circulation, and for use in real-time well control. Continuous drilling fluid monitoring enhances drilling economics by reducing the risk of costly drilling downtime, increasing production performance, and improving well control. Investigations conducted to characterize physical properties of drilling mud indicate that ultrasound can be used to provide real-time, in-situ process monitoring and control. Three types of ultrasonic measurements were evaluated which include analysis of in wall, through wall and direct contact signals. In wall measurements provide acoustic impedance (the slurry density and speed of sound product). Through wall and direct contact measurements provide speed of sound and attenuation. This information is combined to determine physical properties such as slurry density, solids concentration and can be used to detect particle size changes and the presence of low levels of gas. The measurements showed that for the frequency range investigated in-wall measurements were obtained over the slurry density range from 1500 to 2200 kg/m3 (10 to 17 pounds solids per gallon of drilling fluid). Other measurements were obtained at densities in the 1500 to 1800 kg/m3 range. These promising measurement results show that ultrasound can be used for real-time in-situ characterization of the drilling process by monitoring drilling mud characteristics.

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