Practical notes toward higher quality and more reliable experiments on drop and liquid surface interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetuko Kurniawan ◽  
Pei-Hsun Tsai ◽  
Shih-Sheng Chen ◽  
David H. Frakes ◽  
Chi-Chang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Surface Interactions

Friction and the Continuum Limit – Where is the Boundary?

2000 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxi Zhu ◽  
Steve Granick
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Slip Boundary Condition ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Slip Boundary ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractThe no-slip boundary condition, believed to describe macroscopic flow of low-viscosity fluids, overestimates hydrodynamic forces starting at lengths corresponding to hundreds of molecular dimensions when water or tetradecane is placed between smooth nonwetting surfaces whose spacing varies dynamically. When hydrodynamic pressures exceed 0.1-1 atmospheres (this occurs at spacings that depend on the rate of spacing change), flow becomes easier than expected. Therefore solid-liquid surface interactions influence not just molecularly-thin confined liquids but also flow at larger length scales. This points the way to strategies for energy-saving during fluid transport and may be relevant to filtration, colloidal dynamics, and microfluidic devices, and shows a hitherto-unappreciated dependence of slip on velocity.

scholarly journals Liquid Lithium Limiter Effects on Tokamak Plasmas and Plasma-Liquid Surface Interactions

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaita ◽  
R. Majeski ◽  
R. Doerner ◽  
G. Antar ◽  
M. Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Liquid Lithium ◽  
Tokamak Plasmas

Limits imposed by liquid/surface interactions in the determination of tortuosity in mesopores

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 110351
Author(s):  
Leonel Garro Linck ◽  
Santiago Agustín Maldonado Ochoa ◽  
Marcelo Ceolín ◽  
Horacio Corti ◽  
Gustavo A. Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Surface Interactions

Study of Tip-Surface Interactions in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) by Reflection Electron Microscopy (REM)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
W. Lo ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
M. Kuwabara
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Tunneling Current ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Graphite Surface ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution Tem

Work on the integration of STM with REM has demonstrated the usefulness of this combination. The STM has been designed to replace the side entry holder of a commercial Philips 400T TEM. It allows simultaneous REM imaging of the tip/sample region of the STM (see fig. 1). The REM technique offers nigh sensitivity to strain (<10−4) through diffraction contrast and high resolution (<lnm) along the unforeshortened direction. It is an ideal technique to use for studying tip/surface interactions in STM.The elastic strain associated with tunnelling was first imaged on cleaved, highly doped (S doped, 5 × 1018cm-3) InP(110). The tip and surface damage observed provided strong evidence that the strain was caused by tip/surface contact, most likely through an insulating adsorbate layer. This is consistent with the picture that tunnelling in air, liquid or ordinary vacuum (such as in a TEM) occurs through a layer of contamination. The tip, under servo control, must compress the insulating contamination layer in order to get close enough to the sample to tunnel. The contaminant thereby transmits the stress to the sample. Elastic strain while tunnelling from graphite has been detected by others, but never directly imaged before. Recent results using the STM/REM combination has yielded the first direct evidence of strain while tunnelling from graphite. Figure 2 shows a graphite surface elastically strained by the STM tip while tunnelling (It=3nA, Vtip=−20mV). Video images of other graphite surfaces show a reversible strain feature following the tip as it is scanned. The elastic strain field is sometimes seen to extend hundreds of nanometers from the tip. Also commonly observed while tunnelling from graphite is an increase in the RHEED intensity of the scanned region (see fig.3). Debris is seen on the tip and along the left edges of the brightened scan region of figure 4, suggesting that tip abrasion of the surface has occurred. High resolution TEM images of other tips show what appear to be attached graphite flakes. The removal of contamination, possibly along with the top few layers of graphite, seems a likely explanation for the observed increase in RHEED reflectivity. These results are not inconsistent with the “sliding planes” model of tunnelling on graphite“. Here, it was proposed that the force due to the tunnelling probe acts over a large area, causing shear of the graphite planes when the tip is scanned. The tunneling current is then modulated as the planes of graphite slide in and out of registry. The possiblity of true vacuum tunnelling from the cleaned graphite surface has not been ruled out. STM work function measurements are needed to test this.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document