scholarly journals The short-term effects of nitrification inhibitors on the abundance and expression of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers in a long-term field experiment comparing land management

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingling Fu ◽  
Ian M. Clark ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Hongqing Hu ◽  
Penny R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers ◽  
Term Field ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-term field experiment on the impacts of the neonicotinoid dinotefuran and the organophosphate fenitrothion on a honeybee colony

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Yamada ◽  
Yasuhiro Yamada ◽  
Kazuko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Term Field

Neonicotinoides are persistent and highly toxic pesticides that have become popular instead of organophosphates, being suspected to be a trigger of massive disappearance of bees that raises concern in the world. The evaluation of the long-term influence for a whole colony in the natural environment is, however, not established yet. In this paper, we conducted a long-term field experiment and found different impacts on honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) in an apiary between the neonicotinoid dinotefuran and the organophosphate fenitrothion even though whose concentrations in sugar syrup provided for bees were adjusted to have nearly equal short-term effects on a honeybee based on the median lethal dose (LD50) as well as the insecticidal activity to exterminate stinkbugs. The colony with administration of dinotefran (dinotefuran colony) became extinct in 26 days, while the colony with administration of fenitrothion (fenitrothion colony) survived the administration for the same period. Furthermore, the fenitrothion colony succeeded to be alive for more than 293 days after administration, and also succeeded an overwintering, which indicates that colonies exposed to fenitrothion can recover after the exposure. Meanwhile, the dinotefuran colony became extinct even though the intake of dinotefuran was estimated to be comparable with that of fenitrothion in terms of the LD50 of a honeybee. Moreover, the colonies in our previous long-term experiments where dinotefuran with higher concentration were administered only for first few days (Yamada et al., 2012) became extinct in 104 days and 162 days, respectively. From these results, we speculate that colonies exposed to dinotefuran hardly recover from the damage because dinotefuran is much more persistent than fenitrothion and toxic foods stored in cells can affect a colony in a long period.

Crop straw recycling prevents anthropogenic desilication of agricultural soil–plant systems in the temperate zone – Results from a long-term field experiment in NE Germany

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 115187
Author(s):  
Daniel Puppe ◽  
Danuta Kaczorek ◽  
Jörg Schaller ◽  
Dietmar Barkusky ◽  
Michael Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Crop Straw ◽  
Ne Germany ◽  
Term Field

scholarly journals BrO/SO<sub>2</sub> molar ratios from scanning DOAS measurements in the NOVAC network

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1845-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lübcke ◽  
N. Bobrowski ◽  
S. Arellano ◽  
B. Galle ◽  
G. Garzón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Term Field

Abstract. The molar ratio of BrO to SO2 is, like other halogen/sulphur ratios, a~possible precursor for dynamic changes in the shallow part of a volcanic system. While the predictive significance of the BrO/SO2 ratio has not been well constrained yet, it has the major advantage that this ratio can be readily measured using the remote-sensing technique Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) in the UV. While BrO/SO2 ratios have been measured during several short-term field campaigns this article presents an algorithm that can be used to obtain long-term time series of BrO/SO2 ratios from the scanning DOAS instruments of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC) or comparable networks. Parameters of the DOAS retrieval of both trace gases are given and the influence of co-adding spectra on the retrieval error will be investigated. Difficulties in the evaluation of spectroscopic data from monitoring instruments in volcanic environments and possible solutions are discussed. The new algorithm is demonstrated by evaluating data from the NOVAC scanning DOAS systems at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia encompassing almost four years of measurements between November 2009 and end of June 2013. This dataset shows variations of the BrO/SO2 ratio several weeks prior to the eruption on 30 June 2012.

Exploring the Vis-NIR wavelength importance in SOC models under field and lab conditions in a long-term field experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Reyes ◽  
Mareike Ließ
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Preprocessing Technique ◽  
Term Field

&lt;p&gt;Soil organic carbon (SOC) is of particular interest in the study of agricultural systems as an indicator of soil quality and soil fertility. In the use of Vis-NIR spectroscopy for SOC detection, the interpretation of the spectral response with regards to the importance of individual wavelengths is challenging due to the soil&amp;#8217;s composition of multiple organic and minerals compounds. Under field conditions, additional aspects affect the spectral data compared to lab conditions. This study compared the spectral wavelength importance in partial least square regression (PLSR) models for SOC between field and lab conditions. Surface soil samples were obtained from a long-term field experiment (LTE) with high SOC variability located in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Data sets of Vis-NIR spectra were acquired in the lab and field using two spectrometers, respectively. Four different preprocessing methods were applied before building the models. Wavelength importance was observed using variable importance in projection. Differences in wavelength importance were observed depending on the measurement device, measurement condition, and preprocessing technique, although pattern matches were identifiable, especially in the NIR range. It is these pattern matches that aid model interpretation to effectively determine SOC under field conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

Application of Skills to Procrastination (optional)

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Steven A. Safren ◽  
Susan E. Sprich ◽  
Carol A. Perlman ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Short Term Effects

This chapter outlines an optional session for clients with ADHD that focuses on procrastination. It describes how the therapist can discuss the attractive aspects of procrastination and how the client can learn to identify the negative consequences of procrastination. An exercise is presented where the client goes over the pros and cons of procrastination using a specific example. The chapter includes a discussion of how previously taught skills of problem-solving, adaptive thinking, and cognitive restructuring can be applied to procrastination. A case vignette illustrates the process of identifying the long-term and short-term effects of procrastination.

A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT WITH COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND MANURE: I. Fertility levels and crop yields in a rotation of swedes, oats and hay

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
L. P. Jackson ◽  
C. R. MacEachern ◽  
E. T. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Term Field

In a field experiment, conducted from 1936 to 1957, a rotation of swedes, oats and hay was followed and treatments included commercial fertilizers and manure.Changes in the chemical composition of the soil during the experiment included significant decreases in soil organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. In no case was the initial content of exchangeable potassium maintained and although changes in adsorbed and easily acid-soluble phosphorus were negligible with a number of treatments only one resulted in a significant increase.The treatments were applied in the swede year and yield differences with this crop were greater than for either the oats or hay. Data for the latter two crops indicated that with most of the treatments there was a tendency for yields to decline as the experiment progressed. This was not the case with swedes where variation in yields with rotation cycles was greater than it was in the case of oats or hay. There was a considerable residual effect from manure, and phosphorus had a greater effect on yields than either nitrogen or potassium.

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