Political projects of belonging are concerned with sentiments of being ‘at home’ within specific collectivities, rooted in entanglements of people’s social locations, narratives of identification, and value regimes at varying intersections. Global history attests to the numerous ways in which modes of belonging have been juridified and legally restricted, and how legal categories have become populated and turned into markers of identity, thus revealing the politics of belonging as a normative project par excellence. In the shadows of accelerating globalization, recent decades have brought about an ever-diversifying and heavily contested multitude of identity politics, in light of which the time-honoured politics of belonging is bound to persist as a crucial concern for law and anthropology in the twenty-first century. Charting the contours of this complex terrain, this chapter engages with citizenship as an arguably still dominant, if not hegemonic, political identity as well as with alternative political projects of belonging. Zooming in on closely related territorial modes of belonging—ethnicity, nationhood/nationalism, diaspora, indigeneity, identities conventionally described as ‘autochthony’, and citizenship—it proposes an overarching framework of ‘contested autochthonies’ which allows the cross-cutting constructions of individual-territory-group triads, and their mutual interactions, to be studied at shifting scales. Against the backdrop of a case study of conflicting autochthonies in the South African postcolony, the chapter concludes by highlighting the close interdependencies between the (re)production of distributed senses of belonging and the attendant (re)distribution of belongings—and thus the need for an integrated analysis of recognition and (re)distribution in the politics of belonging.
Thermal Comfort At The Street Corridor Around Public Places, Case Study Alun-Alun Malang City
