Long-term changes/trends in surface temperature and precipitation during the satellite era (1979–2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Gu ◽  
Robert F. Adler ◽  
George J. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Long Term Changes

scholarly journals Interannual and long-term changes in the trophic state of a multibasin lake: effects of morphology, climate, winter aeration, and beaver activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale M. Robertson ◽  
William J. Rose ◽  
Paul C. Reneau
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
P Sources

Little St. Germain Lake (LSG), a relatively pristine multibasin lake in Wisconsin, USA, was examined to determine how morphologic (internal), climatic (external), anthropogenic (winter aeration), and natural (beaver activity) factors affect the trophic state (phosphorus, P; chlorophyll, CHL; and Secchi depth, SD) of each of its basins. Basins intercepting the main flow and external P sources had highest P and CHL and shallowest SD. Internal loading in shallow, polymictic basins caused P and CHL to increase and SD to decrease as summer progressed. Winter aeration used to eliminate winterkill increased summer internal P loading and decreased water quality, while reductions in upstream beaver impoundments had little effect on water quality. Variations in air temperature and precipitation affected each basin differently. Warmer air temperatures increased productivity throughout the lake and decreased clarity in less eutrophic basins. Increased precipitation increased P in the basins intercepting the main flow but had little effect on the isolated deep West Bay. These relations are used to project effects of future climatic changes on LSG and other temperate lakes.

scholarly journals Identification of possible dynamical drivers for long-term changes in temperature and rainfall patterns over Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Peter Hoffmann ◽  
Arne Spekat
Keyword(s):  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Type ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Climate Station

AbstractThis study looks into the question to what extent long-term change patterns of observed temperature and rainfall over Europe can be attributed to dynamical causes, in other words: Are the observed changes due to a change in frequency of the patterns or have the patterns’ dynamical properties changed? By using a combination of daily meteorological data and a European weather-type classification, the long-term monthly mean temperature and precipitation were calculated for each weather-type. Subsequently, the observed weather-type sequences were used to construct analogue time series for temperature and precipitation which only include the dynamical component of the long-term variability since 1961. The results show that only a fraction of about 20% of the past temperature rise since 1990, which for example amounted to 1 °C at the Potsdam Climate Station can be explained by dynamical changes, i.e. most of the weather-types have become warmer. Concerning long-term changes of seasonal rainfall patterns, a fraction of more than 60% is considerably higher. Moreover, the results indicate that for rainfall compared with temperature, the decadal variability and trends of the dynamical component follow the observed ones much stronger. Consequently, most of the explained seasonal rainfall variances can be linked to changes in weather-type sequences in Potsdam and over Europe. The dynamical contribution to long-term changes in annual and seasonal rainfall patterns dominates due to the fact that the alternation of wet and dry weather-types (e.g. the types Trough or High pressure over Central Europe), their frequencies and duration has significantly changed in the last decades.

scholarly journals The influence of the circulation on surface temperature and precipitation patterns over Europe*

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Jones ◽  
D. H. Lister
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Circulation Patterns

Abstract. The atmospheric circulation clearly has an important influence on variations in surface temperature and precipitation. In this study we illustrate the spatial patterns of variation that occur for the principal circulation patterns across Europe in the standard four seasons. We use an existing classification scheme of surface pressure patterns, with the aim of considering whether the patterns of influence of specific weather types have changed over the course of the 20th century. We consider whether the long-term warming across Europe is associated with more favourable weather types or related to warming within some of the weather types. The results indicate that the latter is occurring, but not all circulation types show warming. The study also illustrates that certain circulation types can lead to marked differences in temperature and/or precipitation for relatively closely positioned sites when the sites are located in areas of high relief or near coasts.

scholarly journals The influence of the circulation on surface temperature and precipitation patterns over Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Jones ◽  
D. H. Lister
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Circulation Patterns

Abstract. The atmospheric circulation clearly has an important influence on variations in surface temperature and precipitation. In this study we illustrate the spatial patterns of variation that occur for the principal circulation patterns across Europe in the standard four seasons. We use an existing classification scheme of surface pressure patterns, with the aim of considering whether the patterns of influence of specific weather types have changed over the course of the 20th century. We consider whether the long-term warming across Europe is associated with more favourable weather types or related to warming within some of the weather types. The results indicate that the latter is occurring, but not all circulation types show warming. The study also illustrates that certain circulation types can lead to marked differences in temperature and/or precipitation for relatively closely positioned sites when the sites are located in areas of high relief or near coasts.

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