scholarly journals Impact of freshwater release in the Mediterranean Sea on the North Atlantic climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 3893-3915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Swingedouw ◽  
Christophe Colin ◽  
Frédérique Eynaud ◽  
Mohamed Ayache ◽  
Sébastien Zaragosi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
North Atlantic Climate ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Freshwater Release

The reproductive biology of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the Strait of Gibraltar

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Abid ◽  
Amin Laglaoui ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Maturity

During the period from April to September for the years 2014–2016, 998 swordfishes caught by the Moroccan artisanal longline fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar were sampled to study the reproduction of this species in this mixing area between the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. The results showed that the sex ratio is slightly in favour of males for sizes smaller than 130 cm LJFL (Lower jaw-fork length), whereas females are more numerous in sizes larger than 140 cm LJFL. Fifty per cent of females were estimated to be mature at 170 cm LJFL, while for males, the size at first maturity was estimated to be 95 cm LJFL. The swordfish spawn from June to September, probably in the Mediterranean Sea. The findings of this study suggest that the reproductive characteristics of swordfish caught in the Strait of Gibraltar are similar to those of the Mediterranean swordfish, and a high mixing rate between the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic stocks occurs in the study area.

Sailing Directions of the North Atlantic Viking Age (from about the year 860 to 1400)

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Thirslund
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
New Settlements

As long as man has ventured to go to sea, sailing directions have existed. Man's survival depended upon knowing the best fishing and hunting places and how to find these were secrets, told only to family or friends.Later, sailing directions covered areas in the world where trade or new settlements had begun and, as early as 500 years B.C., some of these sailing directions were written down. They covered the Mediterranean Sea and part of western Europe and they were called PERIPLUS meaning ‘sailing around’. They contained almost the same information as sailing directions today, namely: harbours, anchorages, currents, possibilities for fresh water, provisions and other supplies.

scholarly journals Photoacclimation of Prochlorococcus sp. (Prochlorophyta) Strains Isolated from the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea

1993 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Partensky ◽  
N. Hoepffner ◽  
WKW. Li ◽  
O. Ulloa ◽  
D. Vaulot
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean

Use of Numerical Wind-Wave Models for Assessment of the Offshore Wave Energy Resource

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pontes ◽  
S. Barstow ◽  
L. Bertotti ◽  
L. Cavaleri ◽  
H. Oliveira-Pires
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Wave Models

In the last two decades the performance of numerical wind-wave models has improved considerably. Several models have been routinely producing good quality wave estimates globally since the mid-1980s. The verifications of wind-wave models have mainly focused on the evaluation of the error of the significant wave height Hs estimates. However, for wave energy purposes, the main parameters to be assessed are the wave power Pw and the mean (energy) period Te. Since Pw is proportional to Hs2 Tc, its expected error is much larger than for the single-wave parameters. This paper summarizes the intercomparison of two wind-wave models against buoy data in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea to select the most suitable one for the construction of an Atlas of the wave energy resource in European waters. A full verification in the two basins of the selected model—the WAM model implemented in the routine operation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts—was then performed against buoy and satellite altimeter data. It was found that the WAM model accuracy is very good for offshore locations in the North Atlantic; but for the Mediterranean Sea the results are much less accurate, probably due to a lower quality of the input wind fields.

scholarly journals Teleconnection between the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Sea Level in the Mediterranean Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis L. Volkov ◽  
Molly Baringer ◽  
David Smeed ◽  
William Johns ◽  
Felix W. Landerer
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
The North ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean Sea can be viewed as a “barometer” of the North Atlantic Ocean, because its sea level responds to oceanic-gyre-scale changes in atmospheric pressure and wind forcing, related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The climate of the North Atlantic is influenced by the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) as it transports heat from the South Atlantic toward the subpolar North Atlantic. This study reports on a teleconnection between the AMOC transport measured at 26.5°N and the Mediterranean Sea level during 2004–17: a reduced/increased AMOC transport is associated with a higher/lower sea level in the Mediterranean. Processes responsible for this teleconnection are analyzed in detail using available satellite and in situ observations and an atmospheric reanalysis. First, it is shown that on monthly to interannual time scales the AMOC and sea level are both driven by similar NAO-like atmospheric circulation patterns. During a positive/negative NAO state, stronger/weaker trade winds (i) drive northward/southward anomalies of Ekman transport across 26.5°N that directly affect the AMOC and (ii) are associated with westward/eastward winds over the Strait of Gibraltar that force water to flow out of/into the Mediterranean Sea and thus change its average sea level. Second, it is demonstrated that interannual changes in the AMOC transport can lead to thermosteric sea level anomalies near the North Atlantic eastern boundary. These anomalies can (i) reach the Strait of Gibraltar and cause sea level changes in the Mediterranean Sea and (ii) represent a mechanism for negative feedback on the AMOC.

scholarly journals Hydrological relationship between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea during the past 15-75 kyr

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Paterne ◽  
Nejib Kallel ◽  
Laurent Labeyrie ◽  
Maryline Vautravers ◽  
Jean-Claude Duplessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean
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