Sinop İli Su Ürünleri Üretiminin Mevcut Durumu ve Türkiye Su Ürünleri Üretimindeki Yeri

In the present study, the production amount in the last five years (2015-2019) of Sinop province, which is located in the Black Sea Region and a significant part of fisheries production is carried out, was evaluated. For this purpose; Sinop Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) data were used. There are 2.326 commercial fishermen and 444 fishing boats in Sinop province. In the sea area of Sinop, 5 enterprises still produce culture fish in cages. The 2 potential marine culture areas identified in Sinop have an annual production capacity of 32.430 tons (31 enterprises). In addition, 5 bivalves (4.940 tons/year) and 1.000.000 number/year capacity juvenile fish production facilities are at the project stage. The total fisheries production of Sinop Province in 2019 was 34.620,9 tons, and 1.505 tons were obtained from aquaculture. In addition to these, 3.924 tons of fish processing facilities per year, and 35 tons of fish meal and oil processing facilities per year are operated. 66% of sea fish caught in Sinop are anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus), 16% sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus), 13% horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), 3% bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and 2% consists of other species. The most preferred marine fish by the consumers are anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), whiting (Merlangus merlangus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), turbot (Psetta maxima) and bonito (Sarda sarda) and sea bream (Sparus aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) are the culture fish species offered for sale throughout the year.

Recreational fishing on YouTube: Insights on harvesting patterns, social engagement and sentiments related to the distributional range shift of a marine invasive species

Fisheries are among the human activities that are most strongly affected by ongoing climate-related changes in the presence and abundance of fish species across the globe. The ecological and social repercussions of such changes for recreational fisheries are however still poorly understood. Here, we explore selected ecological and social dimensions of recreational angling and spearfishing targeting the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in Italy. The bluefish has undergone a northward expansion in the region over the last 20-30 years, during which it reached new areas and increased in abundance. Using digital videos and their associated data published by recreational fishers on YouTube we characterized ecological and social dimensions using a culturomics approach. Specifically, we focused on harvesting patterns, social engagement and sentiments related to the bluefish. Our study revealed four major results: (i) similar harvesting patterns (i.e., declared mass and seasonal upload patterns) related to videos by recreational anglers and spearfishers; (ii) higher social engagement (i.e., number of views and likes) for videos by recreational anglers than spearfishers; (iii) differences in themes of discussion, with anglers being mainly interested in fishing strategy and gears and spearfishers being more interested in fishing actions shown on the videos; iv) positive and negative sentiments of both recreational anglers and spearfishers towards the invasiveness and aggressiveness of the species. The latter represents an interesting trade-off associated with recreational fishing of the bluefish: it is perceived as an invasive species, but it is also a valued fish target because its voracity contributes to the quality of the recreational fishing experience. Our study showcases the value of exploring social media and associated data to better understand the ecological and human dimensions of marine recreational fisheries in relation to distributional range shifts of species associated with climate change.

Feeding Habits of Predatory Thermophilic Fish Species and Species with Subtropical Affinity from Recently Extended Distributional Range in Northeast Adriatic Sea, Croatia

The study investigates feeding habits of thermophilic species and species with subtropical affinity in the fishing catch in the Bay of Medulin (northeastern Adriatic Sea), and contributes to the knowledge about their presence in recently extended distributional range. In our methodology, the presence of the Seriola dumerili, Sphyraena sphyraena, Lichia amia, Coryphaena hippurus, Caranx crysos, Pomatomus saltatrix, and incidence of Trachinotus ovatus is recorded. A total of 220 specimens are captured during 2017, 2018 and 2019. A dietary assessment is performed, and the index of relative importance IRI was calculated for each prey category. Diet overlap is calculated using Schoener’s index, based on IRI. The principal diet of C. hippurus included Sardina pilchardus and Loligo vulgaris. Pomatomus saltatrix consumed species from the Sparidae family and T. ovatus crustaceans from the Mysidacea family. Different species from genus Atherina are represented important foods for L. amia, S. dumerili and S. sphyraena. Diets of significant importance for L. amia included fishes from the family Sparidae, for S. sphyraena from the Carangidae family, and S. dumerili from the Clupeidae and Muliidae families. Our analysis of diet overlap is based on IRI suggests no diet overlap between analysed fish species from Medulin Bay, and that these species utilise differing trophic niches.

Sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) from South Africa, with descriptions of two new species of Caligus

Thirteen species of sea lice (family Caligidae) are reported from a range of elasmobranch and actinopterygian fishes caught off South Africa or obtained from public aquaria in South Africa. Two new species of Caligus Müller, 1785 are described: C. linearisn. sp. from Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus) and C. tumulusn. sp. from Chrysoblephus cristiceps (Valenciennes). A supplementary description is provided for both sexes of Caligus tetrodontis Barnard, 1948 taken from Amblyrhynchotes honckenii (Bloch) and previous records of this parasite from South African fishes are critically reviewed. It is concluded that Caligus material from Arothron hispidus Linnaeus was previously misidentified as C. tetrodontis and is in urgent need of re-examination. Morphological and molecular observations on Caligus furcisetifer Redkar, Rangnekar & Murti, 1949 indicate that this copepod is phenotypically and genetically identical to Lepeophtheirus natalensis Kensley & Grindley, 1973, and the latter becomes a junior subjective synonym of C. furcisetifer. We include new geographical distribution records for Caligus longipedis Bassett-Smith, 1898, C. rufimaculatus Wilson, 1905 and Lepeophtheirus spinifer Kirtisinghe, 1937, extending into South African waters, as well as both new distribution and host records for Alebion gracilis Wilson, 1905, Caligus dakari van Beneden, 1892 and Lepeophtheirus acutus Heegaard, 1943. The molecular analysis confirmed the monophyly of the genus Caligus. The South African species of Caligus did not cluster together, but the two included South African species of Lepeophtheirus were recovered as sister taxa.

Concentration of heavy metals in two fish species (Cynoscion regalis and Pomatomus saltatrix) from an oil drilling area in Western Coast of Ghana and public health risk assessment

This study assessed heavy metals (Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd)) concentration in water (from borehole, hand-dug well and the sea) and fish (Cynoscion regalis and Pomatomus saltatrix species) and possible health risk exposure by the consumption of these fishes. A total of 18 samples of water and samples of two species of fish (C. regalis and P. saltatrix) were collected from Jomoro, Ellembelle and Ahanta West District and analyzed for the concentration of Pb, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Cd using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Results revealed appreciable concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Fe in the fish muscle and Ni, Cr, and Fe in water. Cadmium and Cr were not detected in the fish samples. Heavy metals in fish increased in the order Pb < Ni < Fe. The Estimated Daily Intake of fish value for adult ranged 1.88 x 10-3 to 2.03 x 10-1 (mg/kg bw/day), however, those for children were 4.40 x 10-3 to 4.74 x 10-1(mg/kg bw/day). For health risk assessment, the Total Targeted Hazard Quotient for adults was < 1; however, those for children were >1 for C. regalis but less than 1 (< 1) for P. saltatrix meaning children who consume C. regalis are exposed to health risk in their life time. The results confirmed that contaminated environments could result in bioaccumulation of metal pollutants in fish's muscle, which poses a health risk to humans when consumed. Awareness and education of the general public on the threshold of heavy metals in fish and water are crucial to safeguard against health risks.

Assessment of morphological variation between stocks of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Pomatomidae), in the Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and Sea of Marmara

The population structure of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766), in Turkish waters is scarcely described in the literature. To identify any distinct population units of bluefish, and reaffirm the findings of a previous study, four areas were selected: the Aegean Sea, western Black Sea, eastern Black Sea, and the Sea of Marmara. In this study, truss network morphometrics, meristics, and otolith shape analyses were successfully applied for different population identification of the bluefish. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed no differences for truss network morphometrics, meristic, and otolith shape characters between males and females. Hence, both sexes were combined for the discriminant function (DFA) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Using univariate ANOVA based on the stepwise method revealed a highly significant difference among different locations for each truss-morphometrics and otolith shape characters. Furthermore, six out of seven meristic characters also showed significant differences between different areas. Based on PCA, 25 out of 27 truss-morphometric characters had a loading value above 0.70, which was considered significant in this study. The results of DFA show clear patterns of truss-morphometric character variations, forming four distinct clusters that were well separated from each other, indicating the existence of four morphologically differentiated populations of the bluefish. The proportion of the correctly classified Aegean Sea, western Black Sea, and eastern Black Sea bluefish samples to their original groups were 100%, demonstrating clear separation of these stocks from each other. Whereas up to 5% of the total samples of the Sea of Marmara were incorrectly classified, assigning to the eastern Black Sea. These findings were supported by meristic and otolith shape characters that also indicated four morphologically differentiated populations of the bluefish. However, their overall proportion of correct classification was relatively lower than the truss-morphometric traits method. The findings suggest the requirement of strategic assessment and management of each bluefish stock separately to use them sustainably in the future.

Length-weight relationships of fishes caught by stationary uncovered pound nets in the coastal waters of Saros Bay, North Aegean Sea (Turkey)

Stationary uncovered pound nets are passively fishing gears used for fish catching according to traditional methods in the coastal waters of Saros Bay, North Aegean Sea. The purpose of this study was to determine length-weight relations (LWRs) for a wide range of fish species collected from the traps in the coastal waters of Saros Bay. We are studied in the fish species caught by four traps between April and August (fishing season) in 2010 - 2012. A total of 23 fish species belonging to 12 families were caught individual 2.096. The mean value of the growth pattern (b) was 3.141±0.042, ranging from 2.711 to 3.577. Whereas they were negative allometric only for two species (Pomatomus saltatrix and Mugil cephalus), from other fish species were observed to be 13 positive allometric and 8 isometrics. The LWR parameters for the positive allometric and isometric fish species were significant (P<0.05). This study provides some general information about the status of the LWR parameters of the fish species caught from the traps.

Reproductive biology and recruitment of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Perciformes: Pomatomidae) in the southwestern Atlantic

The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012–2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.