Antioxidant nutrients and age-related cognitive decline: a systematic review of population-based cohort studies

Cognitive decline is a central component of the dementia process. Population-based prospective studies have confirmed the existence of age-related cognitive decline, although its conceptual basis and nosological status remain controversial. Healthy old people show decline with aging in global cognition and memory function in particular. Preclinical and clinical dementia patients exhibit deficits across multiple cognitive domains, with the largest and most consistent deficits in memory function. Cerebrovascluar disease may lead to cognitive decline and promote the clinical expression of dementia directly or by interaction with APOE η4. Early treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular disease may be the major measures for preventing and postponing the progression of the vascular disease related cognitive decline.

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The impact of retirement on age related cognitive decline – a systematic review

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-017-0556-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Annette Meng ◽

Mette Andersen Nexø ◽

Vilhelm Borg

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽

The Impact

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Can psychosocial work conditions protect against age-related cognitive decline? Results from a systematic review

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2016-103550 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 487-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Mette Andersen Nexø ◽

Annette Meng ◽

Vilhelm Borg

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Psychosocial Work ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Cognitive Decline

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Age-related cognitive decline and vision impairment affecting the detection of dementia syndrome in old age

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.171.5.449 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 171 (5) ◽

pp. 449-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Friedel M. Reischies ◽

Bernhard Geiselmann

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Old Age ◽

Mental State ◽

Missing Values ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Effect ◽

Vision Impairment ◽

Age Related ◽

Dementia Syndrome ◽

Age Related Cognitive Decline

BackgroundCurrently the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as a screening instrument for dementia syndrome. Diagnostic validity may be lowered in old age by normal age-related cognitive decline. Furthermore, visual impairment, occurring frequently in old age, leads to missing values which prevent an interpretation of the test result.MethodIn the Berlin Ageing Study (n=516, age range 70–103 years) MMSE and clinical dementia diagnosis, made by a psychiatrist investigating all subjects by the Geriatric Mental State–A and History and Aetiology Schedule interviews, were investigated independently. The MMblind was analysed, an MMSE version for vision impairment in which all items requiring image processing are omitted. The study sample is population-based; dementia cases (DSM–III–R) were excluded on the basis of the clinical diagnosis.ResultsNorms are reported for very old age regarding MMSE as well as MMblind. There is a considerable age effect on MMSE scores. In contrast to MMSE, sensitivity and specificity of the shorter MMblind version are not reduced.ConclusionsThe considerable age effect requires the adaptation of cut-off values for old age. The blind version of the MMSE seems to be a valid instrument improving the applicability of the MMSE in old age.

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Preserved cognition and reduced age-related cognitive decline during treatment with angiotensin II receptor blockers: A 20-year follow-up study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.386 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S372-S372 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Wincewicz ◽

T. Tolmunen ◽

A.K. Brem ◽

J. Kauhanen ◽

S. Lehto

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Population Based ◽

Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽

The Brain

IntroductionModulators of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been shown to improve cognitive functioning in several animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, the brain RAS has been considered a new target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there are no population-based follow-up studies supporting this hypothesis.ObjectivesCross-sectional and prospective relationships between cognitive decline and ARB treatment were examined in the population-based Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.AimsTo evaluate procognitive/antidementia capacity of orally delivered angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB).MethodsThe study was conducted on a sample of 1774 subjects (920 females, 854 males; age range at baseline: 42–61 years) from Eastern Finland. An established cutoff score of at least 2-point decrease in the Mini Mental State Examination over a 9-year follow-up was used to detect age-related cognitive decline in the cross-sectional setting. In the prospective setting, a hospital discharge diagnosis of dementia/AD was used as outcome variable. Cross-sectional relationships were determined with logistic regression and prospective analyses were conducted with the Cox proportional hazards model (both adjusted for relevant background variables).ResultsCross-sectional analysis displayed a decrease of the odds of cognitive decline (n = 87; 4.9% of participants) in those with ARB treatment; OR = 0.445, 95% CI: 0.22–0.90, P = 0.024. Furthermore, in the prospective setting, the risk of dementia/AD diagnosis (n = 149; 8.4% of participants) was significantly reduced in ARB treated participants; HR = 0.621, 95% CI: 0.40–0.98, P = 0.038.ConclusionsARB treatment is associated with a decreased risk for age-related cognitive decline and dementia/AD manifestation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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