Changes in upper body muscle activity with increasing double poling velocities in elite cross-country skiing

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Josef Lindinger ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
Erich Müller ◽  
Walter Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Muscle ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF UPPER BODY MUSCLES IN DOUBLE POLING AND SKIERG WORKOUT

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (101) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Roman Horyna ◽  
Radka Bačáková ◽  
Martina Chrástková ◽  
Jan Sedlák ◽  
Roman Čmejla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

Background. The aim of the study was to compare the involvement of upper body muscles during double poling and SkiErg Concept 2 workout and verify its specificity for cross-country skiing. Methods. Ten elite Czech cross-country skiers performed double poling and SkiErg workout. Electromyography of selected upper body muscles and cycle characteristics were analysed. To monitor the electrical activity of muscles, we used the device ME6000. Data were analysed using Mega Win and MATLAB software version R2012b. Results. Relative poling phase during double poling was 30.30 ± 2.02% and during SkiErg workout 54 ± 3.36%. Pre-activation of trunk flexors was significantly higher during double poling due to high and forward body position before pole plant. Pre-activation of trunk flexors was not significantly different as pre-activation of shoulder and elbow extensors during SkiErg workout. Deactivation of these muscles came significantly later during SkiErg workout. Conclusion. SkiErg cannot be considered a specific training method for cross-country skiing. It can be recommended to obtain specific power, but long-term application may cause disruption of double poling technique, especially timing of trunk flexors, shoulder and elbow extensors.

scholarly journals Comparison of Exclusive Double Poling to Classic Techniques of Cross-country Skiing

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS STÖGGL ◽  
OLLI OHTONEN ◽  
MASAKI TAKEDA ◽  
NAOTO MIYAMOTO ◽  
CORY SNYDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Is There an Optimal Pole Length for Double Poling in Cross Country Skiing?

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Onasch ◽  
Anthony Killick ◽  
Walter Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
Ground Contact Time ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Given

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pole length on energy cost and kinematics in cross country double poling. Seven sub-elite male athletes were tested using pole sets of different lengths (ranging between 77% and 98% of participants’ body height). Tests were conducted on a treadmill, set to a 2% incline and an approximate racing speed. Poling forces, contact times, and oxygen uptake were measured throughout the testing. Pole length was positively correlated with ground contact time (r = .57, p < .001) and negatively correlated with poling frequency (r = −.48, p = .003). Pole length was also positively correlated with pole recovery time and propulsive impulse produced per poling cycle (r = .36, p = .031; r = .35, p = .042, respectively). Oxygen uptake and pole length were negatively correlated (r = −.51, p = .004). This acute study shows that increasing pole length for double poling in sub-elite cross country skiers under the given conditions seems to change the poling mechanics in distinct ways, resulting in a more efficient poling action by decreasing an athlete’s metabolic cost.

The Effect Of The Bench Press Grip On The Upper Body Muscle Activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Hee-Hong Park ◽  
Kye-Soon Park ◽  
Kyu-Chan Im ◽  
Jae-Min Jung ◽  
Jung-Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Muscle

Effect of rifle firing position on upper body muscle activity in U.S. Marines during simulated 100-yard marksmanship tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S175-S176
Author(s):  
Trevor Viboch ◽  
Jordan Sturdy ◽  
Aaron Wolf ◽  
Kathrine Haluch ◽  
Pinata Sessoms
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Muscle

THE EFFECT OF LOWER BODY AEROBIC EXERCISE ON UPPER BODY MUSCLE ACTIVITY

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S6
Author(s):  
T. R. Burke ◽  
N. Sierra ◽  
M. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Muscle

Kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic adaptation to speed and resistance in double poling cross country skiing

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Nilsson ◽  
Fredrik Tinmark ◽  
Kjartan Halvorsen ◽  
Anton Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Double-Poling Physiology and Kinematics of Elite Cross-Country Skiers: Specialized Long-Distance Versus All-Round Skiers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Skattebo ◽  
Thomas Losnegard ◽  
Hans Kristian Stadheim
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose: Long-distance cross-country skiers specialize to compete in races >50 km predominantly using double poling (DP). This emphasizes the need for highly developed upper-body endurance capacities and an efficient DP technique. The aim of this study was to investigate potential effects of specialization by comparing physiological capacities and kinematics in DP between long-distance skiers and skiers competing using both techniques (skating/classic) in several competition formats (“all-round skiers”). Methods: Seven male long-distance (32 [6] y, 183 [6] cm, 76 [5] kg) and 6 all-round (25 [3] y, 181 [5] cm, 75 [6] kg) skiers at high international levels conducted submaximal workloads and an incremental test to exhaustion for determination of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and time to exhaustion (TTE) in DP and running. Results: In DP and running maximal tests, TTE showed no difference between groups. However, long-distance skiers had 5–6% lower VO2peak in running (81 [5] vs 85 [3] mL·kg−1·min−1; P = .07) and DP (73 [3] vs 78 [3] mL·kg−1·min−1; P < .01) than all-round skiers. In DP, long-distance skiers displayed lower submaximal O2 cost than all-round skiers (3.8 ± 3.6%; P < .05) without any major differences in cycle times or cyclic patterns of joint angles and center of mass. Lactate concentration over a wide range of speeds (45–85% of VO2peak) did not differ between groups, even though each workload corresponded to a slightly higher percentage of VO2peak for long-distance skiers (effect size: 0.30–0.68). Conclusions: The long-distance skiers displayed lower VO2peak but compensated with lower O2 cost to perform equally with the all-round skiers on a short TTE test in DP. Furthermore, similar submaximal lactate concentration and reduced O2 cost could be beneficial in sustaining high skiing speeds in long-duration competitions.

Arm, Trunk and Leg Contributions to Double Poling Performance in Cross-Country Skiing

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S14
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Smith ◽  
Johnny Nilsson ◽  
Bent Kvamme ◽  
Jarle Ure ◽  
Frank Ingjer
Keyword(s):  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

Evaluation of an Upper-Body Strength Test for the Cross-Country Skiing Sprint

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1160-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS ST??GGL ◽  
STEFAN LINDINGER ◽  
ERICH M??LLER
Keyword(s):  
Strength Test ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross
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