Accumulated oxygen deficit measurements during and after high-intensity exercise in trained male and female adolescents

Hinchcliff, K. W., K. H. McKeever, W. W. Muir, and R. A. Sams. Furosemide reduces accumulated oxygen deficit in horses during brief intense exertion. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1550–1554, 1996.—We theorized that furosemide-induced weight reduction would reduce the contribution of anaerobic metabolism to energy expenditure of horses during intense exertion. The effects of furosemide on accumulated O2 deficit and plasma lactate concentration of horses during high-intensity exercise were examined in a three-way balance randomized crossover study. Nine horses completed each of three trials: 1) a control (C) trial, 2) a furosemide-unloaded (FU) trial in which the horse received furosemide 4 h before running, and 3) a furosemide weight-loaded (FL) trial during which the horse received furosemide and carried weight equal to the weight lost after furosemide administration. Horses ran for 2 min at ∼120% maximal O2 consumption. Furosemide (FU) increased O2 consumption (ml ⋅ 2 min−1 ⋅ kg−1) compared with C (268 ± 9 and 257 ± 9, P < 0.05), whereas FL was not different from C (252 ± 8). Accumulated O2 deficit (ml O2 equivalents/kg) was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower during FU (81.2 ± 12.5), but not during FL (96.9 ± 12.4), than during C (91.4 ± 11.5). Rate of increase in blood lactate concentration (mmol ⋅ 2 min−1 ⋅ kg−1) after FU (0.058 ± 0.001), but not after FL (0.061 ± 0.001), was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower than after C (0.061 ± 0.001). Furosemide decreased the accumulated O2 deficit and rate of increase in blood lactate concentration of horses during brief high-intensity exertion. The reduction in accumulated O2 deficit in FU-treated horses was attributable to an increase in the mass-specific rate of O2 consumption during the high-intensity exercise test.

Download Full-text

The Accumulated Oxygen Deficit Measure and Its Application in Pediatric Exercise Science

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.10.1.13 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Geraldine A. Naughton ◽

John S. Carlson

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Anaerobic Metabolism ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Exhaustive Exercise ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Exercise Science ◽

Energy Contribution ◽

Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽

Anaerobic Energy ◽

The Subject

A definitive measure for assessing the energy contribution of anaerobic pathways during exhaustive exercise remains inconclusive. The accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) has been used in several studies to estimate energy contribution. The underlying assumptions of the AOD measure have been criticized for underestimating the true contribution of anaerobic metabolism in high intensity exercise. Indeed, the AOD measure has been the subject of much controversy. Several of the physiological exercise responses of children may lead to an even greater underestimation of the anaerobic energy contribution to high intensity exercise in children than adults when AOD measures are calculated.

Download Full-text

Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0435 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 498-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fabio Milioni ◽

Elvis de Souza Malta ◽

Leandro George Spinola do Amaral Rocha ◽

Camila Angélica Asahi Mesquita ◽

Ellen Cristini de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

High Intensity ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Acute Administration ◽

Running Performance ◽

Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.

Download Full-text

Antioxidants Facilitate High–intensity Exercise IL–15 Expression in Skeletal Muscle

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-0781-2527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (01) ◽

pp. 16-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alberto Pérez-López ◽

Marcos Martin-Rincon ◽

Alfredo Santana ◽

Ismael Perez-Suarez ◽

Cecilia Dorado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Protein Expression ◽

High Intensity ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Acute Hypoxia ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Sprint Exercise

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-15 stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, fat oxidation, glucose uptake and myogenesis in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms by which exercise triggers IL-15 expression remain to be elucidated in humans. This study aimed at determining whether high-intensity exercise and exercise-induced RONS stimulate IL-15/IL-15Rα expression and its signaling pathway (STAT3) in human skeletal muscle. Nine volunteers performed a 30-s Wingate test in normoxia and hypoxia (PIO2=75 mmHg), 2 h after placebo or antioxidant administration (α-lipoic acid, vitamin C and E) in a randomized double-blind design. Blood samples and muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained before, immediately after, and 30 and 120 min post-exercise. Sprint exercise upregulated skeletal muscle IL-15 protein expression (ANOVA, P=0.05), an effect accentuated by antioxidant administration in hypoxia (ANOVA, P=0.022). In antioxidant conditions, the increased IL-15 expression at 120 min post-exercise (33%; P=0.017) was associated with the oxygen deficit caused by the sprint (r=–0.54; P=0.020); while, IL-15 and Tyr705-STAT3 AUCs were also related (r=0.50; P=0.036). Antioxidant administration promotes IL-15 protein expression in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise, particularly in severe acute hypoxia. Therefore, during intense muscle contraction, a reduced PO2 and glycolytic rate, and possibly, an attenuated RONS generation may facilitate IL-15 production, accompanied by STAT3 activation, in a process that does not require AMPK phosphorylation.

Download Full-text

Effects of Lactate Consumption on Blood Bicarbonate Levels and Performance During High-Intensity Exercise

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.21.4.311 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

David M. Morris ◽

Rebecca S. Shafer ◽

Kimberly R. Fairbrother ◽

Mark W. Woodall

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

High Intensity ◽

Performance Test ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Total Work ◽

Male And Female ◽

Lactate Consumption ◽

And Performance

The authors sought to determine the effects of oral lactate consumption on blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) levels, pH levels, and performance during high-intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Subjects (N = 11) were trained male and female cyclists. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work were measured during high-intensity exercise bouts 80 min after the consumption of 120 mg/kg body mass of lactate (L), an equal volume of placebo (PL), or no treatment (NT). Blood HCO3− increased significantly after ingestion of lactate (p < .05) but was not affected in PL or NT (p > .05). No changes in pH were observed as a result of treatment. TTE and total work during the performance test increased significantly by 17% in L compared with PL and NT (p = .02). No significant differences in TTE and total work were seen between the PL and NT protocols (p = .85). The authors conclude that consuming 120 mg/kg body mass of lactate increases HCO3− levels and increases exercise performance during high-intensity cycling ergometry to exhaustion.

Download Full-text

Influence of prolonged intermittent high-intensity exercise on knee flexor strength in male and female soccer players

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-003-0830-6 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 506-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tom H. Mercer ◽

Nigel P. Gleeson ◽

Karen Wren

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Male And Female ◽

Knee Flexor ◽

Flexor Strength

Download Full-text

Development of Race Profiles for the Performance of a Simulated 2000-m Rowing Race

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h03-041 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 536-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Michael D. Kennedy ◽

Gordon J. Bell

Keyword(s):

Critical Power ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Male And Female ◽

Pacing Strategy ◽

Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

The purpose of this study was to determine the race profile for a 2000-m simulated rowing race as well as the effect of training and gender on the race profile. Nineteen men and 19 women undertook a 2000-m simulated rowing race before and after 10 weeks of a typical off-season training program for rowing. Velocity was calculated every 200 m and the deviation in velocities from the mean race velocity (MRV) was plotted every 200 m to produce race profiles for each gender before and after training. The three fastest male rowers varied approximately 0.02 m•s−1 from the MRV after training and displayed a constant-pace model. The fastest female rowers displayed an all-out strategy after training, producing large deviations from MRV. Average squared deviations from the mean (SDM) determined that all groups except the fastest females had a reduction in MRV deviation after training. These results suggest that the optimal race profile for a simulated 2000-m rowing race may be different between genders. Training reduces SDM and influences both male and female pacing patterns such that both exhibit a pacing strategy that is more similar to that of elite athletes in other events of similar and shorter duration. Key words: maximal oxygen consumption, critical power, pacing strategy, critical velocity, accumulated oxygen deficit

Download Full-text