Expression of KS-type dehydrins is primarily regulated by factors related to organ type and leaf developmental stage during vegetative growth

Planta ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rorat ◽  
W. J. Grygorowicz ◽  
W. Irzykowski ◽  
P. Rey
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Organ Type ◽  
Leaf Developmental Stage

scholarly journals The histone chaperone Nrp1 is required for chromatin stability and nuclear division in Tetrahymena thermophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjie Lian ◽  
Huijuan Hao ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Tao Bo ◽  
Aihua Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Histone Chaperone ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Histone Chaperones

AbstractHistone chaperones facilitate DNA replication and repair by promoting chromatin assembly, disassembly and histone exchange. Following histones synthesis and nucleosome assembly, the histones undergo posttranslational modification by different enzymes and are deposited onto chromatins by various histone chaperones. In Tetrahymena thermophila, histones from macronucleus (MAC) and micronucleus (MIC) have been comprehensively investigated, but the function of histone chaperones remains unclear. Histone chaperone Nrp1 in Tetrahymena contains four conserved tetratricopepeptide repeat (TPR) domains and one C-terminal nuclear localization signal. TPR2 is typically interrupted by a large acidic motif. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Nrp1 is located in the MAC and MICs, but disappeared in the apoptotic parental MAC and the degraded MICs during the conjugation stage. Nrp1 was also colocalized with α-tubulin around the spindle structure. NRP1 knockdown inhibited cellular proliferation and led to the loss of chromosome, abnormal macronuclear amitosis, and disorganized micronuclear mitosis during the vegetative growth stage. During sexual developmental stage, the gametic nuclei failed to be selected and abnormally degraded in NRP1 knockdown mutants. Affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry analysis indicated that Nrp1 is co-purified with core histones, heat shock proteins, histone chaperones, and DNA damage repair proteins. The physical direct interaction of Nrp1 and Asf1 was also confirmed by pull-down analysis in vitro. The results show that histone chaperone Nrp1 is involved in micronuclear mitosis and macronuclear amitosis in the vegetative growth stage and maintains gametic nuclei formation during the sexual developmental stage. Nrp1 is required for chromatin stability and nuclear division in Tetrahymena thermophila.

scholarly journals Spike Formation Is a Turning Point Determining Wheat Root Microbiome Abundance, Structures and Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11948
Author(s):  
Alla Usyskin-Tonne ◽  
Yitzhak Hadar ◽  
Dror Minz
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Root selection of their associated microbiome composition and activities is determined by the plant’s developmental stage and distance from the root. Total gene abundance, structure and functions of root-associated and rhizospheric microbiomes were studied throughout wheat growth season under field conditions. On the root surface, abundance of the well-known wheat colonizers Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased and increased, respectively, during spike formation, whereas abundance of Bacteroidetes was independent of spike formation. Metagenomic analysis combined with functional co-occurrence networks revealed a significant impact of plant developmental stage on its microbiome during the transition from vegetative growth to spike formation. For example, gene functions related to biofilm and sensorial movement, antibiotic production and resistance and carbons and amino acids and their transporters. Genes associated with these functions were also in higher abundance in root vs. the rhizosphere microbiome. We propose that abundance of transporter-encoding genes related to carbon and amino acid, may mirror the availability and utilization of root exudates. Genes related to antibiotic resistance mechanisms were abundant during vegetative growth, while after spike formation, genes related to the biosynthesis of various antibiotics were enriched. This observation suggests that during root colonization and biofilm formation, bacteria cope with competitor’s antibiotics, whereas in the mature biofilm stage, they invest in inhibiting new colonizers. Additionally, there is higher abundance of genes related to denitrification in rhizosphere compared to root-associated microbiome during wheat growth, possibly due to competition with the plant over nitrogen in the root vicinity. We demonstrated functional and phylogenetic division in wheat root zone microbiome in both time and space: pre- and post-spike formation, and root-associated vs. rhizospheric niches. These findings shed light on the dynamics of plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions in the developing root zone.

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Age and Shading on the Phenolic Composition of Apple Foliage

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 205b-205
Author(s):  
M. Elena Garcia ◽  
C.R. Rom ◽  
J.B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Leaf Developmental Stage

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of leaf age and shading on the phenolic content and composition of apple foliage. In the first study, it was determined that the phenolic content of `Liberty', at increasing leaf developmental stages, was leaf age—dependent. Early during leaf development, there was an increase in the phloridzin (the primary glycoside identified) and in total phenolics, reaching a maximum when the leaf is 6 days from 20-mm blade length. After this stage, the phenolic content decreased with increasing leaf age. In the second study, the leaves of two cultivars, `Liberty' and `Starkspur Law Rome', were tagged weekly when the leaf was two-thirds unfolded. Three weeks after budbreak, the trees were placed under three shade cloth treatments (0%, 60%, and 90% shade). After 4 weeks under the shade treatments, the tagged leaves were collected to determine their phenolic content. Shade significantly affected the foliar phenolic content. Leaves in 0% shade had the highest phenolic content, whereas the lowest content was found in leaves exposed to 90% shade. There was a significant leaf age × shade interaction. The phenolic content decreased with increasing leaf age except for those leaves whose development occurred before the experiment was started. The results indicate that light and leaf developmental stage are important factors in determining the phenolic content of apple leaves, but shading appears to have a stronger influence than leaf developmental stage. E-mail [email protected]; phone (802) 656-2824.

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