scholarly journals The prominent role of perceptual salience in object discrimination: overt discrimination of graspable side does not activate grasping affordances

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonello Pellicano ◽  
Ferdinand Binkofski
Keyword(s):  
Object Discrimination ◽  
Perceptual Salience

scholarly journals Perceptual salience influences food choices independently of health and taste preferences

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dai ◽  
Jeremy Cone ◽  
Jeff Moher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Choice Tests

Abstract Background Making decisions about food is a critical part of everyday life and a principal concern for a number of public health issues. Yet, the mechanisms involved in how people decide what to eat are not yet fully understood. Here, we examined the role of visual attention in healthy eating intentions and choices. We conducted two-alternative forced choice tests of competing food stimuli that paired healthy and unhealthy foods that varied in taste preference. We manipulated their perceptual salience such that, in some cases, one food item was more perceptually salient than the other. In addition, we manipulated the cognitive load and time pressure to test the generalizability of the salience effect. Results Manipulating salience had a powerful effect on choice in all situations; even when an unhealthy but tastier food was presented as an alternative, healthy food options were selected more often when they were perceptually salient. Moreover, in a second experiment, food choices on one trial impacted food choices on subsequent trials; when a participant chose the healthy option, they were more likely to choose a healthy option again on the next trial. Furthermore, robust effects of salience on food choice were observed across situations of high cognitive load and time pressure. Conclusions These results have implications both for understanding the mechanisms of food-related decision-making and for implementing interventions that might make it easier for people to make healthy eating choices.

scholarly journals Evidence against hyperspecificity in implicit invariant learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
James E. H. Bright
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics

Four experiments examined the claim that cross-format transfer in invariant learning is reliant solely on the presence of repetition structure in study and test strings (Stadler, Warren, Lesch, 2000). Experiments 1, 2, and 3 used strings with no repetitions and found significant cross-format transfer in combination with a non-significant transfer decrement - no significant difference between same- and changed-format conditions. Further investigation of the basis of the role of repetition structure revealed an emphasis on the perceptual salience of test stimuli (Experiment 4). Our results contrast with those of Stadler et al. and suggest that under the conditions we employed invariant learning is not highly sensitive to changes in the perceptual characteristics of stimuli and therefore is inaccurately described as hyper specific. We suggest that the term hyper specific be reserved for cases in which minor format changes result in significant performance impairments - for example, typographical effects in implicit memory.

The role of actions in auditory object discrimination

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia De Lucia ◽  
Christian Camen ◽  
Stephanie Clarke ◽  
Micah M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Object Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Object

scholarly journals ‘Il parle normal, il parle comme nous’: self-reported usage and attitudes in a banlieue

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA SECOVA ◽  
PENELOPE GARDNER-CHLOROS ◽  
FRÉDÉRIQUE ATANGANA
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Youth Language ◽  
Complex Manner ◽  
Qualitative Dimension

ABSTRACTWe report on a survey of language attitudes carried out as part of a project comparing youth language in Paris and London.1As in similar studies carried out in London (Cheshire et al., 2008), Berlin (Wiese, 2009) and elsewhere (Boyd et al., 2015), the focus was on features considered typical of ‘contemporary urban vernaculars’ (Rampton, 2015).The respondents were pupils aged 15–18 in two secondary schools in a working-class northern suburb of Paris. The survey included (1) a written questionnaire containing examples of features potentially undergoing change in contemporary French; (2) an analysis of reactions to extracts from the project data: participants were asked to comment on the speakers and the features identified.Quantitative analysis had shown that some of these features are more widespread than others and are used by certain categories of speaker more than others (Gardner-Chloros and Secova, this volume). This study provides a qualitative dimension, showing that different features have different degrees of perceptual salience and acceptability. It demonstrates that youth varieties do not involve characteristic features being used as a ‘package’, and that such changes interact in a complex manner with attitudinal factors. The study also provides material for reflection on the role of attitude studies within sociolinguistic surveys.

scholarly journals Attention to Configural Information in Change Detection for Faces

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5517 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1353-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone K Favelle ◽  
Darren Burke
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Object Discrimination ◽  
Attentional Allocation ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
First Order ◽  
Configural Information ◽  
Order Relations ◽  
Basic Level

In recent research the change-detection paradigm has been used along with cueing manipulations to show that more attention is allocated to the upper than lower facial region, and that this attentional allocation is disrupted by inversion. We report two experiments the object of which was to investigate how the type of information changed might be a factor in these findings by explicitly comparing the role of attention in detecting change to information thought to be ‘special’ to faces (second-order relations) with information that is more useful for basic-level object discrimination (first-order relations). Results suggest that attention is automatically directed to second-order relations in upright faces, but not first-order relations, and that this pattern of attentional allocation is similar across features.

Lexical tone variation and spoken word recognition in preschool children: effects of perceptual salience

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEHER SINGH ◽  
ALOYSIA TAN ◽  
THILANGA D. WEWALAARACHCHI
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Developmental Course

AbstractChildren undergo gradual progression in their ability to differentiate correct and incorrect pronunciations of words, a process that is crucial to establishing a native vocabulary. For the most part, the development of mature phonological representations has been researched by investigating children's sensitivity to consonant and vowel variation, with a much lesser focus on lexical tones. The current study investigates sensitivity to lexical tones in word recognition with specific attention to role of perceptual salience. Chinese-speaking preschoolers were presented with familiar words that were correctly pronounced, substituted for a subtle tone variant (Tones 2 and 3), or substituted for a salient tone variant (Tones 1 and 4). Results demonstrated that subtle tone variants were mistakenly perceived as correct pronunciations and only salient tone variants were recognized as mispronunciations. Findings suggest that tone integration follows a more complex developmental course that previously concluded.

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