Spatial and temporal turnover of parasite species and parasite-host interactions: a case study with fleas and gamasid mites parasitic on small mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 2093-2104
Author(s):  
Boris R. Krasnov ◽  
Natalia P. Korallo-Vinarskaya ◽  
Maxim V. Vinarski ◽  
Irina S. Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Gamasid Mites ◽  
Temporal Turnover

Spatiotemporal distributed lag modelling of multiple Plasmodium species in a malaria elimination setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Chawarat Rotejanaprasert ◽  
Duncan Lee ◽  
Nattwut Ekapirat ◽  
Prayuth Sudathip ◽  
Richard J Maude
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Multiple Data

In much of the Greater Mekong Sub-region, malaria is now confined to patches and small foci of transmission. Malaria transmission is seasonal with the spatiotemporal patterns being associated with variation in environmental and climatic factors. However, the possible effect at different lag periods between meteorological variables and clinical malaria has not been well studied in the region. Thus, in this study we developed distributed lagged modelling accounting for spatiotemporal excessive zero cases in a malaria elimination setting. A multivariate framework was also extended to incorporate multiple data streams and investigate the spatiotemporal patterns from multiple parasite species via their lagged association with climatic variables. A simulation study was conducted to examine robustness of the methodology and a case study is provided of weekly data of clinical malaria cases at sub-district level in Thailand.

Plasmodium knowlesi: a relevant, versatile experimental malaria model

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERICA M. PASINI ◽  
ANNE-MARIE ZEEMAN ◽  
ANNEMARIE VOORBERG-VAN DER WEL ◽  
CLEMENS H. M. KOCKEN
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Malaria Model ◽  
Human Primate

SUMMARYThe primate malariaPlasmodium knowlesihas a long-standing history as an experimental malaria model. Studies using this model parasite in combination with its various natural and experimental non-human primate hosts have led to important advances in vaccine development and in our understanding of malaria invasion, immunology and parasite–host interactions. The adaptation to long-termin vitrocontinuous blood stage culture in rhesus monkey,Macaca fascicularisand human red blood cells, as well as the development of various transfection methodologies has resulted in a highly versatile experimental malaria model, further increasing the potential of what was already a very powerful model. The growing evidence thatP. knowlesiis an important human zoonosis in South-East Asia has added relevance to former and future studies of this parasite species.

Do different parasite species interact in their effects on host fitness? A case study on parasites of the amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. RAUQUE ◽  
R. A. PATERSON ◽  
R. POULIN ◽  
D. M. TOMPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Coitocaecum Parvum ◽  
Paracalliope Fluviatilis ◽  
Generally True

SUMMARYThere is a gap in our understanding of the relative and interactive effects of different parasite species on the same host population. Here we examine the effects of the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus galaxii, an unidentified cyclophyllidean cestode, and the trematodes Coitocaecum parvum and Microphallus sp. on several fitness components of the amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis, using a combination of infection surveys and both survival and behavioural trials. In addition to significant relationships between specific parasites and measures of amphipod survival, maturity, mating success and behaviour, interactions between parasite species with respect to amphipod photophilia were also significant. While infection by either A. galaxii or C. parvum was associated with increased photophilia, such increases were negated by co-infection with Microphallus sp. We hypothesize that this is due to the more subtle manipulative effect of A. galaxii and C. parvum being impaired by Microphallus sp. We conclude that the low frequency at which such double infections occur in our sampled population means that such interactions are unlikely to be important beyond the scale of the host individual. Whether or not this is generally true, implying that parasitological models and theory based on single parasite species studies do generally hold, requires cross-species meta-analytical studies.

Assessing the Impact of Competition on Community Assembly: A Case Study using Small Mammals

Ecology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1283-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Kelt ◽  
Mark L. Taper ◽  
Peter L. Meserve
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Ulnar articular surface 3-D landmarks and ecomorphology of small mammals: a case study of two early Miocene typotheres (Notoungulata) from Patagonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahuel A. Muñoz ◽  
Guillermo H. Cassini ◽  
Adriana M. Candela ◽  
Sergio F. Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Forelimb Movements ◽  
Morphological Patterns

ABSTRACTArticular surfaces reflect the relative movements between adjacent bones, and the ones involved in the elbow joint provide information about forelimb movements and may be useful for making inferences about the substrate use. The proximal articular surface of the ulna was examined through 3-D geometric morphometrics, in order to assess its usefulness as a proxy for paleoecological interpretations; particularly for two small mammals from the early Miocene of Patagonia. The sample was composed of 22 extant small mammals (rodents, carnivorans and primates) and two extinct typotheres: Hegetotherium mirabile (Hegetotheriidae) and Interatherium robustum (Interatheriidae). Forty-five landmarks were taken and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the morphospace structure. The results of PCA for the whole surface were inconclusive; therefore, successive analyses were made, subdividing the surface into sub-units. The PCA for the proximal part of the trochlear notch was the most informative, allowing the recognition of morphospaces with functional value: one for digging rodents and another for most climbers. Neither typothere would have had a specialisation for climbing or digging in the features analysed. This study allows morphological patterns on different parts of a joint to be detected; interpreted, at least partially, as differential responses to different kinds of mechanical stress.

Body size and coexistence in gamasid mites parasitic on small mammals: null model analyses at three hierarchical scales

Ecography ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Korallo-Vinarskaya ◽  
Maxim V. Vinarski ◽  
Irina S. Khokhlova ◽  
Boris R. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Gamasid Mites

scholarly journals Using Red List species in designating protection status to forest areas: a case study on the problem of spatio-temporal dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3429-3443
Author(s):  
Lise Tingstad ◽  
John-Arvid Grytnes ◽  
Magne Sætersdal ◽  
Ivar Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red List ◽  
Red List Species ◽  
Polypore Fungi ◽  
Temporal Turnover ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Red-listed species are often used as target species in selection of sites for conservation. However, limitations to their use have been pointed out, and here we address the problem of expected high spatio-temporal dynamics of red-listed species. We used species data (vascular plants, bryophytes, macrolichens and polypore fungi) from two inventories 17 years apart to estimate temporal turnover of red-listed and non-red-listed species in two forest areas (147 and 195 ha) and of plots (0.25 ha) within each area. Furthermore, we investigated how turnover of species affected the rank order of plots regarding richness of red-listed species, using two different national Red List issues (1998 and 2015). In both study areas, temporal turnover was substantial, despite minor changes in the overall number of species. At plot level, temporal turnover in red-listed species was higher than in non-red-listed species, but similar to non-red-listed species of the same frequency of occurrence. Adding the effect of changing identities of species red-listed according to the two Red List issues, further increased the estimated spatio-temporal dynamics. Recorded spatio-temporal turnover also resulted in substantial changes in the rank order of plots regarding richness of red-listed species. Using rare red-listed species for site selection may therefore be accompanied by a higher loss of conservation effectiveness over time than for more common species, and particularly at finer scales.

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