Will loss of snow cover during climatic warming expose New Zealand alpine plants to increased frost damage?

The amount of snow cover in the Lake Biwa catchment area has changed significantly from 1.9 × 1012kg in 1974 to 0.3 × 1012kg in 1979. The amount of snow cover was less in the warmer winter and when the amount of snow cover was less than 1012 kg, the average amount of snow cover in recent years, the lowest dissolved-oxygen concentration in the deep layer rapidly decreases. Climatic warming will significantly decrease the amount of snow cover in Lake Biwa catchment area and the dissolved-oxygen concentration in the deep layer of the lake, which may further enhance eutrophication of the lake.

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Chemistry of New Zealand Apiaceae: New irregular diterpenes from Anisotome flexuosa and A. haastii showing conformational exchange

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch00131 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 939 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John W. van Klink ◽

Anna J. Barlow ◽

Michael H. Benn ◽

Nigel B. Perry ◽

Rex T. Weavers

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Molecular Modelling ◽

Ring System ◽

Alpine Plants ◽

Conformational Exchange ◽

Line Broadening ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Nuclear Magnetic

Two new derivatives of a recently-reported class of irregular diterpene have been discovered in New Zealand species of the Apiaceae family. 16-Acetoxyanisotomenoic acid (8) (3,3a,4,4-tetramethyl-3-{(Z)-5-acetoxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl}-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-2-indenecarboxylic acid) and anisotomene-1,12-diol (11) (3,3a,4,4-tetramethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-2-indenyl) methanol) have been obtained from the sub-alpine plants, Anisotome flexuosa and A. haastii respectively. 13 C nuclear magnetic esonance (n.m.r.) spectra of the anisotomene derivatives are complicated by line broadening. Molecular modelling of anisotomenoic acid (1) and anisotomenol (2) suggests that this is due to conformational exchange in the highly substituted bicyclo [4,3,0] non-1-ene ring system.

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Influence of climatic warming on the amount of snow cover and water quality of Lake Biwa, Japan

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s0260305500011617 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 257-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroji Fushimi

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Snow Cover ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Lake Biwa ◽

Deep Layer ◽

Climatic Warming ◽

Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽

Average Amount

The amount of snow cover in the Lake Biwa catchment area has changed significantly from 1.9 × 1012kg in 1974 to 0.3 × 1012kg in 1979. The amount of snow cover was less in the warmer winter and when the amount of snow cover was less than 1012 kg, the average amount of snow cover in recent years, the lowest dissolved-oxygen concentration in the deep layer rapidly decreases. Climatic warming will significantly decrease the amount of snow cover in Lake Biwa catchment area and the dissolved-oxygen concentration in the deep layer of the lake, which may further enhance eutrophication of the lake.

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Computations on Frost Damage to Scots Pine Under Climatic Warming in Boreal Conditions

Ecological Applications ◽

10.2307/1942050 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 42-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Seppo Kellomaki ◽

Heikki Hanninen ◽

Marja Kolstrom

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Climatic Warming

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A case of severe frost damage prior to budbreak in young conifers in Northeastern Ontario: Consequence of climate change?

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc85453-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 453-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Rongzhou Man ◽

Gordon J Kayahara ◽

Qing-Lai Dang ◽

James A Rice

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Weather Data ◽

Climatic Warming ◽

Closed Canopy ◽

Time Requirements ◽

Spring Frosts ◽

Understory Trees

In spring 2007, young planted and natural conifers suffered extensive needle and bud injury near Hearst and Kapuskasing in northeastern Ontario. Damage was observed on all species of conifers up to 20 years old and 8 m in height. Taller trees, especially those in the overstory, and young understory trees protected by a closed canopy had less damage. The damage was caused by earlier than normal loss of cold hardiness followed by late spring frosts according to damage observations, weather station data, and calculated thermal time requirements for budbreak and cold hardiness of conifers. During May 19 to 21, 2007, minimum temperatures were recorded between -8°C and -9°C, and before this period, temperatures were warm enough to induce early dehardening and loss of trees' cold hardiness. According to the historical weather data for Kapuskasing, estimated budbreak time has become earlier since 1918 and freezing temperatures during budbreak and shoot elongation (between growing degree days 100 and June 15) have become more frequent since 1980. If the trend towards earlier budbreak is due to climate change, then the type of frost damage we observed in northeastern Ontario in 2007 could become more common. We discuss implications of such events and suggest research needed to understand the risk of frost damage with climatic warming and to reduce damage. Key words: conifer frost damage, mature needle and bud (or needle/bud) mortality, early dehardening and budbreak (or dehardening/budbreak), climatic warming

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