ANALISIS KUALITATIF DAN KUANTITATIF KANDUNGAN FORMALIN PADA PRODUK TERASI (Shrimp Paste) YANG DIPERDAGANGKAN DI PASAR SENTRAL KOTA DAN PASAR SENTRAL WUA-WUA

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the formalin content of shrimp paste traded in the City Central Market and Wua-Wua Central Market. The analytical method used was the Phenylhydrazine method and quantitative test (Titration Method). The qualitative test was done to determine the presence or absence of formalin in the shrimp paste, while the quantitative test was done to determine the amount of formalin contained in the shrimp paste traded in the City Central Market and the Wua-Wua Central Market. This was a descriptive qualitative-quantitative study. The results of this study show that from 6 samples taken at the City Central Market and the Wua-Wua Central Market, five samples were positive for formalin. The average amount of formalin contents at the City Central Market were 77 mg/kg (A2) and 54.6 mg/kg (A3). Meanwhile, the average amount of formalin contents at the Wua-Wua Central Market were 60 mg/kg (B1), 66.7 mg/kg (B2), and 107.2 mg/kg (B3).Keywords: Shrimp paste, Formalin, Traditional marketABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan formalin pada terasi yang diperdagangkan di Pasar Sentral Kota dan Pasar Sentral Wua-Wua. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu metode Fenilhidrazin dan uji kuantitatif (Metode Titrasi). Uji kualitatif bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya formalin pada terasi, sedangkan uji kuantitatif bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa kadar formalin yang terkandung pada terasi yang diperdagangkan di Pasar Sentral Kota dan Pasar Sentral Wua-Wua. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa sampel yang diambil dari 6 sampel Pasar Sentral Kota dan Pasar Sentral Wua-Wua 5 sampel positif mengandung formalin. Rata-rata persentase kadar formalin di lokasi Pasar Sentral Kota (A2) sebesar 77 mg/kg dan 54,6 mg/kg (A3). Pasar Sentral Wua-Wua (B1) 60 mg/kg, (B2) 66,7 mg/kg dan (B3) 107,2 mg/kg. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan simpulan terdeteksinya penggunaan formalin pada 5 sampel produk terasi yang beredar di lokasi Pasar Sentral Kota dan Pasar Sentral Wua-Wua kota Kendari.Kata kunci: Terasi, Formalin, Pasar tradisional.

OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESSED FISHERY PRODUCTS ON TELUK SANTONG VILLAGE USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING METHOD

This study aims to optimize processed fishery products in Teluk Santoni Village with a constraint factor: Fish Resources (SDI) availability. The analytical tool used in this research is linear programming, maximizing the profit of processed fishery products with limitations on the availability of human resources, production capacity, and total production costs. Based on the results of data analysis with the help of the Linear Program Solver (LiPS) software, it was found that to obtain maximum profit, the strategy that needs to be done is to produce crabs 10/3 times the average amount, 2.5 times salty, empek-empek and shrimp paste, produced two times the usual production amount and did not produce shredded fish and fish crackers. The total profit obtained from the optimization is Rp. 18.85 million per month. KEYWORDS: optimization, processed fishery products, linear programming

Bacillus cereus as a Major Cause of Discarded Pasteurized Human Banked Milk: A Single Human Milk Bank Experience

A systematic study, performed from 2017–2020 looked at the rate of positive post-pasteurization B. cereus findings, the quantity of B. cereus in pasteurized banked human milk (PBM), and the rate of B. cereus toxicogenic isolates from PBM. During the study period, 6815.71 L (30,943 tested bottles) of PBM were tested, with an average amount per year of 1703.93 L (7736 tested bottles). The PBM discard rate per year due to bacterial contamination varied between 8.7–10.0% and contamination with B. cereus was the most frequent reason. The total number of B. cereus positive tests was 2739 and the proportion of its positivity from all positive tests was between 56.7–66.6%. The prevalence of B. cereus positive tests rose significantly in the summer months. The production of enterotoxin was found in 3 of the 20 tested samples (15.0%). The B. cereus CFU-quantities in the PBM were below 10 CFU/mL in 80% of cases (16 of 20 samples tested). The quantitative data can be used in the risk assessment of cold storage of PBM at temperatures above zero and manipulation of PBM prior to its administration.

Investigation on Vanadium Chemistry in Basic-Oxygen-Furnace (BOF) Slags—A First Approach

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag accounts for the majority of all residual materials produced during steelmaking and may typically contain certain transition metals. Vanadium, in particular, came into focus in recent years because of its potential environmental toxicity as well as its economic value. This study addresses the vanadium chemistry in BOF slags to better understand its recovery and save handling of the waste stream. The experimental results from the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) study show that vanadium is preferably incorporated in calcium orthosilicate-like compounds (COS), with two variations occurring, a low vanadium COS (COS-Si) (approx. 1 wt.%), and a high vanadium COS (COS-V) (up to 18 wt.%). Additionally, vanadium is incorporated in dicalcium ferrite-like compounds (DFS) with an average amount of 3 wt.%. Using powder x-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), EPMA, and virtual component models, stoichiometric formulas of the main vanadium-bearing phases were postulated. The stoichiometries give an estimate of the oxidation states of vanadium in the respective hosts. According to these results, trivalent vanadium is incorporated on the Fe-position in dicalcium ferrite solid solution (DFS), and V4+ and V5+ are incorporated on the Si-position of the COS.

The Influence of UV Varnishes on the Content of Cysteine and Methionine in Women Nail Plates—Chromatographic Studies

The main purpose of this work was to determine if the use of hybrid nail polishes causes changes in concentration of the most important sulfur amino acids that build nail plate structures, cysteine and methionine. We found that the average contents of cysteine and methionine in studied samples before the use of hybrid manicure were 1275.3 ± 145.9 nmol mg−1 and 111.7 ± 23.8 nmol mg−1, respectively. After six months of hybrid manicure use, the average amount of these sulfur amino acids in studied samples were 22.1% and 36.5% lower in the case of cysteine and methionine, respectively. The average amounts of cysteine and methionine in nail plate samples after the use of hybrid manicures were 992.4 ± 96.2 nmol mg−1 and 70.9 ± 14.8 nmol mg−1, respectively. We also confirmed that in studied women the application of UV light varnishes reduced the thickness of the nail plate, from 0.50 ± 0.12 mm before to 0.46 ± 0.12 mm after the use of the hybrid manicure.

Researching the change in the weight of split oak firewood due to different drying methods

In this paper, the influences of stacking methods and drying places of split oak firewood in winter conditions (Quercus cerris) have been experimentally and theoretically investigated, due to the great importance of use in heating with such wood. The research was conducted on a sample of 48 pieces of logs with bark made of freshly cut oak. The logs were obtained by mechanized technology with the help of grafting by a hydraulic splitter and a chainsaw. Each log was measured for a research length of 0.30 m, marked with numbers 1-24. On each log, the weight was measured on a scale of 5 kg with an accuracy of 0.5 grams. Drying of logs was performed in two places. The first drying place was in outdoor conditions, sheltered from the snow and ventilated. The second place was indoors, at approximately constant room temperature. The logs were stacked in a crossed way for better air circulation. They were dried between 15/12/2020 and 15/02/2021, a total of 62 days. The average initial weight of logs dried in the facility was 1130.3 g, in the dried state the average weight was 952.87 g, which represented 84.3% of the original weight. The average initial weight of logs dried in outdoor conditions was 1192.125 g, in the dried state 1076.37 g, which represented 90.29% of the original weight. The average initial water content in the logs dried in the facility was 37.9%, in the dried state it was 27.5%. For logs dried in outdoor conditions, the average initial amount of water was 36.6%, in the dried state the average amount of water was 31.2%.

Study of Solid Waste Management in the Buildings Area of Integrated Campus of Universitas Islam Indonesia

One of the problems that are faced by the Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) is the amount of solid waste generated each year, add the increasing number of the student each year, then the problem becomes much worse and difficult to handle. Regarding it, the awareness of each student about solid waste management is needed. The 2 main purpose of this study is first to determine the composition and the generation of solid waste using the samples taken from 10 temporary solid waste dumps (FPSB, D3 Economics, FMIPA, FTI, FIAI, FTSP, FK, Central Library, Kahar Muzakir, GKU, and Rectorate) and the second is to identify student’s perceptions and behavior about individual solid waste management. The research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The results show that the average amount of solid waste generated is 0.017 kg/person/day this is in line with the solid waste management record that shows that on daily basis each person produces approximately 0.010 - 0.020 kg. While the study about the students’ perceptions and behavior towards solid waste management shows that while most of the students are aware of it, the implementation is still lacking.

Pengaruh Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Jumlah Sampah di Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Regional Kota Payakumbuh

Restrictions on community activities during the Covid-19 pandemic have an impact on the amount of waste a city produces. This study aims to analyze the amount of incoming waste at the Payakumbuh Regional Final Processing Site (TPA) before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, analyze the impact of the pandemic on waste sources and provide recommendations for waste management during the pandemic. Data on the amount of waste entering the TPA was obtained from measurements of waste at the weighbridge before the pandemic (February – March 2020) and during the pandemic (April – May 2020). The analysis of the impact of the pandemic on the source of the waste is based on the results of interviews with truck drivers and analysis of truck routes. The results showed a decrease in the amount of waste transported to the landfill by 11.15% during the Covid-19 pandemic. The average amount of waste before the pandemic was 237.36 tons/day, while during the pandemic is 210.90 tons/day. The decrease in the amount of waste is due to restrictions on community activities outside the home with the implementation of the Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy. The implementation of PSBB policy during the pandemic caused a decrease in the amount of waste from institutional, commercial and city service facilities by 29.48-50% and an increase in domestic sources by 21.22%.

Effect of TiO2 Concentration on Microstructure and Properties of Composite Cu–Sn–TiO2 Coatings Obtained by Electrodeposition

In this work, Cu–Sn–TiO2 composite coatings were electrochemically obtained from a sulfate bath containing 0–10 g/L of TiO2 nanoparticles. The effect of TiO2 particles on kinetics of cathodic electrodeposition has been studied by linear sweep voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. As compared to the Cu–Sn alloy, the Cu–Sn–TiO2 composite coatings show rougher surfaces with TiO2 agglomerates embedded in the metal matrix. The highest average amount of included TiO2 is 1.7 wt.%, in the case of the bath containing 5 g/L thereof. Composite coatings showed significantly improved antibacterial properties towards E. coli ATCC 8739 bacteria as compared to the Cu–Sn coatings of the same composition. Such improvement has been connected with the corrosion resistance of the composites studied by linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the bacterial media and 3% NaCl solutions, Cu–Sn–TiO2 composite coatings have lower corrosion resistance as compared to Cu–Sn alloys, which is caused by the nonuniformity of the surface.

PSI-B-29 Breeding influence on dairy productivity of Kholmogory cattle

The Kholmogory breed of cattle is highly adapted to poor feeding and severe climate conditions of the northern part of European Russia, but a lack of dairy productivity also characterizes it. The study aims to measure the productivity of animals obtained by breeding Kholmogory and Holsteins cattle. Purebred Kholmogory (K1, n = 497), first generation` (K1/2×H1/2, n = 387), and second generation` (K1/4×H3/4, n = 384) hybrids were selected for the analysis. Dairy production for 305 days throughout 1st and 3rd lactations and also lifetime productivity were measured. Statistical processing was conducted using Statistica 10 software. The average milk yield of purebred` 1st lactation was 3501±35 kg with a fat content of 3.66±0.01%. The productivity of hybrids in the 1st lactation was higher by 728 kg (P < 0.001) with a fat content of 3.86±0.02% for K1/2×H1/2 and by 1030 kg (P < 0.001) with a fat content of 4.13±0.02 for the K1/4×H3/4 population. In the 3rd lactation, the productivity of K1 was 3948±51 kg of milk with a 3.73±0.02% of fat. This is 941 kg (P < 0.001) and 0.31% (P < 0.001) less than in K1/2×H1/2. During the same lactation in K1/4×H3/4, the average amount of milk was 5508±77 kg with 4.25±0.04% of fat. The maximum lifetime productivity was obtained from K1/2×H1/2. It made 19850±618 kg of milk and 799.6±25.3 kg of milk fat. In the K1 group, 14642±529 kg of milk and 552.6±20.3 kg of fat were obtained per life, and for K1/4×H3/4 14832±590 kg and 620.9±25.6 kg were obtained. The heterosis effect could explain the high lifetime productivity of first-generation hybrids. This is consistent because the average economic use of K1 animals was 3.53±0.11 calving, while for K1/2×H1/2, it was 4.01±0.11. Further breeding with the Holstein led to a significant decrease in the economical use duration to 2.78±0.09 calving in K1/4×H3/4.