Correction to: Tsunamis from prospected mass failure on the Marsili submarine volcano flanks and hints for tsunami hazard evaluation

AbstractThe Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is the largest submarine volcano in the Mediterranean Sea, located in the middle of the Marsili Basin, facing the Calabrian and Sicilian coasts on its eastern side, and the coasts of Sardinia on the opposite side. It has erupted in historical times, and its summit crest is affected by widespread hydrothermal activity. This study looks at mass failures taking place at different depths on the flanks of the volcano and estimates their associated tsunamigenic potential. Mass failure, tsunami generation, and propagation have been simulated by means of numerical models developed by the Tsunami Research Team of the University of Bologna. In all, we consider five cases. Of these, three scenarios, one regarding a very small detachment and two medium-sized ones (between 2 and 3 km3 failure volume), have been suggested as possible failure occurrences in the published literature on a morphological basis and involve the north-eastern and north-western sectors of the volcano. The two additional cases, one medium-sized and one extreme, intended as a possible worst-case scenario (volume 17.6 km3), affecting the eastern flank. Results indicate that small-volume failures are not able to produce significant tsunamis; medium-size failures can produce tsunamis which dangerously affect the coasts if their detachment occurs in shallow water, i.e., involves the volcano crest; and extreme volume failures have the potential to create disastrous tsunamis. In all the simulations, tsunami waves appear to reach the Aeolian Islands in around 10 min and the coasts of Calabria and Sicily in 20 min. This study highlights that there is a potential for dangerous tsunamis generation from collapses of the Marsili volcano and as a consequence a need to intensify research on its status and stability conditions. More broadly, this investigation should also be extended to the other volcanic seamounts of the Tyrrhenian Sea, since their eruptive style, evolution, and tsunamigenic potential are still poorly known.

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Tsunami Hazard Evaluation in the Coquimbo Region Using Nonuniform Slip Distribution Sources

Seismological Research Letters ◽

10.1785/0220180395 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mauricio Fuentes Serrano ◽

Sebastián Riquelme Muñoz ◽

Miguel Medina ◽

Matias Mocanu ◽

Rodrigo Filippi Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Slip Distribution ◽

Hazard Evaluation ◽

Nonuniform Slip

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Tsunami risk assessments in Messina, Sicily – Italy

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-12-151-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 151-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. Grezio ◽

P. Gasparini ◽

W. Marzocchi ◽

A. Patera ◽

S. Tinti

Keyword(s):

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Hazard Evaluation ◽

Human Beings ◽

Risk Zone ◽

Port Authorities ◽

Tsunami Risk ◽

Private And Public ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Run Up ◽

The City

Abstract. We present a first detailed tsunami risk assessment for the city of Messina where one of the most destructive tsunami inundations of the last centuries occurred in 1908. In the tsunami hazard evaluation, probabilities are calculated through a new general modular Bayesian tool for Probability Tsunami Hazard Assessment. The estimation of losses of persons and buildings takes into account data collected directly or supplied by: (i) the Italian National Institute of Statistics that provides information on the population, on buildings and on many relevant social aspects; (ii) the Italian National Territory Agency that provides updated economic values of the buildings on the basis of their typology (residential, commercial, industrial) and location (streets); and (iii) the Train and Port Authorities. For human beings, a factor of time exposition is introduced and calculated in terms of hours per day in different places (private and public) and in terms of seasons, considering that some factors like the number of tourists can vary by one order of magnitude from January to August. Since the tsunami risk is a function of the run-up levels along the coast, a variable tsunami risk zone is defined as the area along the Messina coast where tsunami inundations may occur.

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Tsunami Hazard Evaluation at Selected Locations Along the South Andhra Coast: Numerical Modeling and Field Observations

Marine Geodesy ◽

10.1080/01490419.2011.547816 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 29-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Ranga Rao ◽

N. T. Reddy ◽

J. Sriganesh ◽

M. V. Ramana Murthy ◽

Tad S. Murty

Keyword(s):

Numerical Modeling ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Hazard Evaluation ◽

Field Observations ◽

The South

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Tsunami hazard evaluation for Kuwait and Arabian Gulf due to Makran Subduction Zone and Subaerial landslides

Natural Hazards ◽

10.1007/s11069-017-3097-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 93 (S1) ◽

pp. 127-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Panon Latcharote ◽

Khaled Al-Salem ◽

Anawat Suppasri ◽

Tanuspong Pokavanich ◽

Shinji Toda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subduction Zone ◽

Arabian Gulf ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Hazard Evaluation ◽

Makran Subduction Zone

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Subaqueous landslides at the distal basin of Lago Nahuel Huapi (Argentina): Towards a tsunami hazard evaluation in Northern Patagonian lakes

Geomorphology ◽

10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 268 ◽

pp. 197-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Débora Beigt ◽

Gustavo Villarosa ◽

Eduardo A. Gómez ◽

Carolina Manzoni

Keyword(s):

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Hazard Evaluation ◽

Patagonian Lakes

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Tsunami hazard risk of a future volcanic eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano, NE of Santorini Caldera, Greece

Natural Hazards ◽

10.1007/s11069-012-0405-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 1375-1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. Nomikou ◽

S. Carey ◽

K. L. C. Bell ◽

D. Papanikolaou ◽

K. Bejelou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Eruption ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Submarine Volcano ◽

Hazard Risk

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Tsunami Hazard Evaluation for the Head of the Gulf of Elat–Aqaba, Northeastern Red Sea

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2020.602462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Amos Salamon ◽

Eran Frucht ◽

Steven N. Ward ◽

Erez Gal ◽

Marina Grigorovitch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Sea ◽

Submarine Landslide ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Hazard Evaluation ◽

False Alarms ◽

Submarine Landslides ◽

Case Scenario ◽

Worst Case ◽

Ground Shaking ◽

Landslide Tsunami

Unique geological and seismotectonic settings may trigger a multicascading hazard and should be identified beforehand. Such is the head of the Gulf of Elat–Aqaba (HGEA) at the northeastern end of the Red Sea where its geology, tectonics, bathymetry, and earthquake and tsunami history exhibit clear potential for earthquake and submarine-landslide tsunami generation. We thus investigated the possible tsunamigenic sources in the gulf and evaluated the resulting hazard at the HGEA. First, we assembled a bathymetric grid and adopted GeoClaw software to simulate most of the earthquake-tsunami scenarios. Next, we resolved the scheme of the largest possible tsunamigenic earthquakes along the deep basins of the Gulf of Elat (GEA) and the associated Dead Sea rift valley, as well as the potential tsunamigenic submarine landslides in the HGEA. The use of GeoClaw was verified against the 1995 tsunami generated by the Nuweiba Mw 7.2 earthquake, and then operated to simulate a suite of earthquake scenarios. Results showed that the marginal faults of Elat Basin pose the highest tsunami hazard to the Israeli part of the HGEA. To better assess that hazard, we screened the geology and seismotectonics of the HGEA and found that the Elat normal fault presents the worst-case scenario for Elat city. It is capable of generating a multicascading threat of earthquake and submarine-landslide tsunami, local subsidence that can increase inundation, and above all, destructive ground motion. Scenarios of a tsunami caused by the worst-case earthquake on the Elat fault simulated by GeoClaw and Ward’s (Tsunami, The encyclopedia of solid earth geophysics. 2011, 1473–1493) approach, and submarine landslide in the HGEA simulated by Wang et al.’s (Geophys. J. Int., 2015, 201, 1534–1544) ‘Tsunami Squares’ approach, demonstrated waves as high as 4 m along these coasts. Accordingly, we constructed a map of the evacuation zone. We also show that strong ground-shaking and retreat of the sea at the HGEA should be considered a tsunami warning, although false alarms are inevitable. Furthermore, tsunami hazard exists all along the gulf and further assessments are needed to quantify this hazard and increase awareness among the area's population.

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