scholarly journals Evaluation of corticospinal excitability in cervical myelopathy, before and after surgery, with transcranial magnetic stimulation: a pilot study

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Nicotra ◽  
Nicolas K. K. King ◽  
Maria Catley ◽  
Nigel Mendoza ◽  
Alison H. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Before And After

Whole-hand water flow stimulation increases motor cortical excitability: a study of transcranial magnetic stimulation and movement-related cortical potentials

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 822-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Sato ◽  
Koya Yamashiro ◽  
Hideaki Onishi ◽  
Baba Yasuhiro ◽  
Yoshimitsu Shimoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Afferent Stimulation ◽  
Intracortical Circuits ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flow Stimulation

Previous studies examining the influence of afferent stimulation on corticospinal excitability have demonstrated that the intensity of afferent stimulation and the nature of the afferents targeted (cutaneous/proprioceptive) determine the effects. In this study, we assessed the effects of whole-hand water immersion (WI) and water flow stimulation (WF) on corticospinal excitability and intracortical circuits by measuring motor evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curves and conditioned MEP amplitudes. We further investigated whether whole-hand WF modulated movement-related cortical activity. Ten healthy subjects participated in three experiments, comprising the immersion of participants' right hands with (whole-hand WF) or without (whole-hand WI) water flow, and no immersion (control). We evaluated MEP recruitment curves produced by a single transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse at increasing stimulus intensities, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) using the paired TMS technique before and after 15 min of intervention. Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were evaluated to examine primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and somatosensory cortex excitability upon movement before and after whole-hand WF. After whole-hand WF, the slope of the MEP recruitment curve significantly increased, whereas SICI decreased and ICF increased in the contralateral motor cortex. The amplitude of the Bereitschaftspotential, negative slope, and motor potential of MRCPs significantly increased after whole-hand WF. We demonstrated that whole-hand WF increased corticospinal excitability, decreased SICI, and increased ICF, although whole-hand WI did not change corticospinal excitability and intracortical circuits. Whole-hand WF modulated movement-related cortical activity, increasing motor cortex activation for the planning and execution of voluntary movements.

Evaluation of corticobulbar and corticospinal excitability in developmental stuttering: the navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Rogić Vidaković ◽  
Marina Zmajević Schönwald ◽  
Tomislav Jurić ◽  
Nikola Erceg ◽  
Andreja Bubić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

scholarly journals The Reliability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Derived Corticomotor Inhibition as a Brain Health Evaluation Tool in Soccer Players

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Di Virgilio ◽  
Magdalena Ietswaart ◽  
Ragul Selvamoorthy ◽  
Angus M. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Head Impacts

Abstract Background The suitability of corticomotor inhibition and corticospinal excitability to measure brain health outcomes and recovery of sport-related head impact (concussion and subconcussion) depends on good inter-day reliability, which is evaluated in this study. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) reliability in soccer players is assessed by comparing soccer players, for whom reliability on this measure may be reduced due to exposure to head impacts, to generally active individuals not engaged in contact sport. Methods TMS-derived corticomotor inhibition and corticospinal excitability were recorded from the rectus femoris muscle during two testing sessions, spaced 1–2 weeks apart in 19 soccer players (SOC—age 22 ± 3 years) and 20 generally active (CON—age 24 ± 4 years) healthy volunteers. Inter-day reliability between the two time points was quantified by using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Intra-group reliability and group differences on actual measurement values were also explored. Results Good inter-day reliability was evident for corticomotor inhibition (ICCSOC = 0.61; ICCCON = 0.70) and corticospinal excitability (ICCSOC = 0.59; ICCCON = 0.70) in both generally active individuals and soccer players routinely exposed to sport-related head impacts. Corticomotor inhibition showed lower coefficients of variation than excitability for both groups (InhibSOC = 15.2%; InhibCON = 9.7%; ExcitabSOC = 41.6%; ExcitabCON = 39.5%). No group differences between soccer players and generally active individuals were found on the corticomotor inhibition value (p > 0.05), but levels of corticospinal excitability were significantly lower in soccer players (45.1 ± 20.8 vs 85.4 ± 6.2%Mmax, p < 0.0001). Corticomotor inhibition also showed excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87). Conclusions Corticomotor inhibition and corticospinal excitability are stable and maintain good degrees of reliability when assessed over different days in soccer players, despite their routine exposure to head impacts. However, based on intra-group reliability and group differences of the levels of excitability, we conclude that corticomotor inhibition is best suited for the evaluation of neuromuscular alterations associated with head impacts in contact sports.

scholarly journals Corticospinal correlates of fast and slow adaptive processes in motor learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adjmal M. E. Sarwary ◽  
Miles Wischnewski ◽  
Dennis J. L. G. Schutter ◽  
Luc P. J. Selen ◽  
W. Pieter Medendorp
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Adaptation Task ◽  
Adaptation Model

Recent computational theories and behavioral observations suggest that motor learning is supported by multiple adaptation processes, operating on different timescales, but direct neural evidence is lacking. We tested this hypothesis by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over motor cortex in 16 human subjects during a validated reach adaptation task. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent periods (CSPs) were recorded from the biceps brachii to assess modulations of corticospinal excitability as indices for corticospinal plasticity. Guided by a two-state adaptation model, we show that the MEP reflects an adaptive process that learns quickly but has poor retention, while the CSP correlates with a process that responds more slowly but retains information well. These results provide a physiological link between models of motor learning and distinct changes in corticospinal excitability. Our findings support the relationship between corticospinal gain modulations and the adaptive processes in motor learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Computational theories and behavioral observations suggest that motor learning is supported by multiple adaptation processes, but direct neural evidence is lacking. We tested this hypothesis by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over human motor cortex during a reach adaptation task. Guided by a two-state adaptation model, we show that the motor-evoked potential reflects a process that adapts and decays quickly, whereas the cortical silent period reflects slow adaptation and decay.

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