Inferring candidate genes for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) assessed by the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)

BackgroundLittle is known about the epidemiology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).AimsTo estimate the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative.MethodAn ADHD screen was administered to respondents aged 18–44 years in ten countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East (n=11422). Masked clinical reappraisal interviews were administered to 154 US respondents to calibrate the screen. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates based on the assumption of cross-national calibration comparability.ResultsEstimates of ADHD prevalence averaged 3.4% (range 1.2–7.3%), with lower prevalence in lower-income countries (1.9%) compared with higher-income countries (4.2%). Adult ADHD often co-occurs with other DSM-IV disorders and is associated with considerable role disability. Few cases are treated for ADHD, but in many cases treatment is given for comorbid disorders.ConclusionsAdult ADHD should be considered more seriously in future epidemiological and clinical studies than is currently the case.

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Testing the Discriminant and Convergent Validity of the World Health Organization Six-Item Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener Using the Stockholm Public Health Cohort

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054717735381 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1170-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Lundin ◽

Kyriaki Kosidou ◽

Christina Dalman

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

General Population ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Item Difficulty ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is intended to measure population prevalence of ADHD. The short version ASRS-6 has yet not been validated in a population setting. Our aim was to examine the validity of the ASRS-6 in a general population. Method: We used the Stockholm Public Health Cohort 2014. The convergent validity was assessed using item response theory (IRT). The discriminant validity was assessed by examining the correlation between the ASRS and known correlates. Results: The ASRS-6 was unidimensional albeit with hyperactivity and impulsivity items fitting less good. IRT analysis showed that the item difficulty ranged between easy to hard and that the four items on inattention had good or very good discriminatory ability. Correlates were all in the expected direction. Conclusion: The ASRS-6 has adequate validity in the general population but reflects the duality of ADHD having both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as sufficient and non-necessary criteria.

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The World Health Organization adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704002892 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 245-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1302

Author(s):

RONALD C. KESSLER ◽

LENARD ADLER ◽

MINNIE AMES ◽

OLGA DEMLER ◽

STEVE FARAONE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Short Form ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

The World ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Health Organization ◽

Screening Scale

Background. A self-report screening scale of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was developed in conjunction with revision of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The current report presents data on concordance of the ASRS and of a short-form ASRS screener with blind clinical diagnoses in a community sample.Method. The ASRS includes 18 questions about frequency of recent DSM-IV Criterion A symptoms of adult ADHD. The ASRS screener consists of six out of these 18 questions that were selected based on stepwise logistic regression to optimize concordance with the clinical classification. ASRS responses were compared to blind clinical ratings of DSM-IV adult ADHD in a sample of 154 respondents who previously participated in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), oversampling those who reported childhood ADHD and adult persistence.Results. Each ASRS symptom measure was significantly related to the comparable clinical symptom rating, but varied substantially in concordance (Cohen's κ in the range 0·16–0·81). Optimal scoring to predict clinical syndrome classifications was to sum unweighted dichotomous responses across all 18 ASRS questions. However, because of the wide variation in symptom-level concordance, the unweighted six-question ASRS screener outperformed the unweighted 18-question ASRS in sensitivity (68·7% v. 56·3%), specificity (99·5% v. 98·3%), total classification accuracy (97·9% v. 96·2%), and κ (0·76 v. 0·58).Conclusions. Clinical calibration in larger samples might show that a weighted version of the 18-question ASRS outperforms the six-question ASRS screener. Until that time, however, the unweighted screener should be preferred to the full ASRS, both in community surveys and in clinical outreach and case-finding initiatives.

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Childhood Predictors of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 46-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 243

Author(s):

Carmen Lara ◽

John Fayyad ◽

Ron de Graaf ◽

Ronald C. Kessler ◽

Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

World Health ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

World Mental Health Survey ◽

The World ◽

Mental Health Survey ◽

Health Organization ◽

Childhood Predictors

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Validation of the parent version of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale for adolescents

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/08039488.2015.1085092 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 255-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Linda Sjölander ◽

Sofia Vadlin ◽

Susanne Olofsdotter ◽

Karin Sonnby

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Parent Version

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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RAJASWALA CHARYA IN RELATION WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) IN CHILDREN - A SURVEY STUDY

November 2020 - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ◽

10.46607/iamj1709082021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1711-1716

Author(s):

Shamna T.V ◽

Venkatakrishna K.V

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Mental Stress ◽

World Health ◽

Survey Study ◽

Abnormal Behaviour ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Alternative And Complementary Medicine ◽

Health Organization

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is the commonest neurological disorder that affects the behaviour of children.1 World Health Organization put forth that, mental disorders are to shoot up by 50% in 2020 at international level. Indian studies rate the psychopathology among children as 5-15% and ADHD has the highest incidence among all the other developmental disorders2. There is no disease by the name ADHD described in Ayurveda, but some conditions of abnormal behaviour can be screened from Ayurvedic literature like Anavasthita Chittatva3, Manovibhrama4, Buddhivibhrama5, Smritivibhrama 4, Sheelavibhrama6 Cheshtavibrama7, and Acharavibhrama. It is found that emergence of the ADHD does not follow a single responsible factor7 and thus a single line of treatment does not cure it7,2. The prevalence of ADHD is increased recently, and people started turning to alternative and complementary medicine especially Ayurveda, it is worthwhile to understand the probable aetiology to prevent the emergence of disease. It is known that the Rajaswala period is the largest and most important period among women's life and need to be healthy in this phase to have a better progeny. But in the present era, women are in hurry to reach the mainstream of society and under much physical and mental stress ends up with lack of care on their health even during menstruation which may lead to ill effect in later life8. This study is to put light on the importance of following regimens and avoiding Apathyas especially during menstruation explained in Ayurvedic classics concerning ADHD. Keywords: Rajaswala, ADHD, paricharya

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