Cell wall structural changes lead to separation and shedding of biofouled epidermal cell wall layers by the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. 1319-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laryssa Halat ◽  
Moira E. Galway ◽  
David J. Garbary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall

scholarly journals Cellulose intrafibrillar mineralization of biological silica in a rice plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Nakamura ◽  
Noriaki Ozaki ◽  
Yuya Oaki ◽  
Hiroaki Imai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall

AbstractThe essence of morphological design has been a fascinating scientific problem with regard to understanding biological mineralization. Particularly shaped amorphous silicas (plant opals) play an important role in the vital activity in rice plants. Although various organic matters are associated with silica accumulation, their detailed functions in the shape-controlled mineralization process have not been sufficiently clarified. In the present study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were found to be essential as a scaffold for silica accumulation in rice husks and leaf blades. Prior to silicification, CNFs ~ 10 nm wide are sparsely stacked in a space between the epidermal cell wall and the cuticle layer. Silica nanoparticles 20–50 nm in diameter are then deposited in the framework of the CNFs. The shape-controlled plant opals are formed through the intrafibrillar mineralization of silica nanoparticles on the CNF scaffold.

The root–fungus interface as an indicator of symbiont interaction in ectomycorrhizae

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 846-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Wall Ingrowth ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Cell Wall Ingrowths

Seedlings of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh, Alnusrubra Bong., Eucalyptuspilularis Sm., and Betulaalleghaniensis Britt. were grown in plastic pouches and subsequently inoculated with Alpovadiplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith (two different strains), Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, and Laccariabicolor (R. Mre) Orton, respectively, to form ectomycorrhizae insitu. Alnus seedlings were inoculated with Frankia prior to inoculation with the mycosymbiont. The interface established between A. crispa and A. diplophloeus was complex, involving wall ingrowth formation in root epidermal cells and infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. Alnusrubra – A. diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae had an interface lacking epidermal cell wall ingrowths but with infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. The interface between E. pilularis –. tinctorius consisted of branching Hartig net hyphae between radially enlarged epidermal cells lacking wall ingrowths. Ectomycorrhizae between B. alleghaniensis and L. bicolor developed unique interfaces with radially enlarged epidermal cells near the apical meristem, which synthesized dense vacuolar deposits. Very fine branchings occurred in Hartig net hyphae.

scholarly journals Fruit Morphology as Taxonomic Features in Five Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Andrawus Zhigila ◽  
Abdullahi Alanamu AbdulRahaman ◽  
Opeyemi Saheed Kolawole ◽  
Felix A. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Variations in the fruit morphological features of Capsicum annuum varieties were studied. Varieties studied include var. abbreviatum, var. annuum, var. accuminatum, var. grossum, and var. glabriusculum. The fruit morphology revealed attenuated fruit shape with rounded surfaces in var. glabriusculum, and cordate fruit shape with flexuous surface in var. annuum, abbreviatum and accuminatum. The fruit is a berry and may be green, yellow, or red when ripe. The fruit epidermal cell-wall patterns are polygonal in shape with straight and curved anticlinal walls in all the five varieties. The fruit of var. abbreviatum and var. grossum is trilocular, while that of var. accuminatum and annuum is bilocular, and that of var. glabriusculum is tetralocular. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum had the highest mean number of seeds (108.4) and var. annuum had the lowest number of seeds (41.3) per fruit. The fruit is conspicuously hollowed in var. glabriusculum, accuminatum, and annuum but inconspicuously hollowed in var. abbreviatum and var. grossum. These features are shown to be good taxonomic characters for delimiting the five varieties of Capsicum annuum.

Phylloepiphytic interaction between bacteria and different plant species in a tropical agricultural system

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 918-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lílian Estrela Borges Baldotto ◽  
Fábio Lopes Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Relationship Of

Plant surfaces are a favourable niche for bacterial establishment, and hypothetically, plant species differ in their capacity to harbour epiphytic bacterial communities. This study was conducted to evaluate and describe the structural relationship of a bacterial community at the phyllosphere level with different plant species in a tropical ecosystem. Leaf blades of 47 plant species distributed in 27 botanical families were collected on a typical small Brazilian farm and prepared for observation under light and scanning electron microscopy. Naturally occurring bacteria were the most abundant settlers of the phylloplane, followed by fungal spore or hyphae. All plant species studied were colonized by phylloepiphytic bacteria, which were observed as solitary cells, microcolonies, and biofilms. However, independent of the family, the plant species differed in the pattern of phyllosphere colonization, as reflected in bacteria frequency and presence or absence of anatomical features that would favour the association. The phylloepiphytic bacteria were preferentially established on the following sites: epidermal cell wall junctions, glandular and nonglandular trichomes, veins, stomata, and epidermal cell wall surface. Profuse bacteria and fungi colonization was observed, at a level that was at least comparable with temperate regions. Interestingly, fungi seemed to alter the bacteria colonization pattern, most probably by microenvironmental modifications. The trichome type and density as well as the presence of epicuticular wax on the leaf blade surface seemed to be the most determinant anatomical features for the pattern of phyllosphere colonization. The presence of trichomes has a favourable, and epicuticular wax an unfavourable influence on the plant–bacteria interaction.

The ultrastructure of the Spilocaea state of Venturia inaequalis in vivo

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Corlett ◽  
James Chong ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Conidiogenous Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Primary Conidium

There are indications that the fungus enzymatically degrades the cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The epidermal cells and to a lesser degree the palisade mesophyll cells beneath a sporulating lesion (susceptible reaction) are killed or seriously disrupted. Various stages of conidiogenesis, including development of the primary conidium, were observed. A conidium is delimited by a two-layered transverse septum. Before conidium secession, a new two-layered inner wall is laid down around the entire conidiogenous cell adjacent to the plasmalemma. The apical region of the new inner wall proliferates beyond the annellation scar left by the seceded conidium and eventually produces another conidium.

Changes in composition of the outer epidermal cell wall of pea stems during auxin-induced growth

Planta ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Syndonia Bret-Harte ◽  
LawrenceD. Talbott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall

Light and electron microscopy of the spermogonial stage of Gymnoconia peckiana, one of the causes of orange rust of Rubus

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Mims ◽  
Elizabeth A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Single Nucleus ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall

Hyphae of Gymnoconia peckiana (Howe in Peck) Trotter spread from infected Rubus argutus Link. stems into leaf primordia where they proliferated in an intercellular fashion as leaves differentiated. Hyphae were septate, and each compartment appeared to contain a single nucleus. Hyphae gave rise to numerous haustoria that resembled the monokaryotic haustoria of other rust fungi. Hyphae located immediately adjacent to the upper and lower leaf epidermis gave rise to spermogonial initials. Each initial consisted of a small group of tightly packed hyphae that developed in an intercellular space adjacent to the epidermis. As an initial enlarged, the proliferating hyphae pushed their way between, as well as into, epidermal cells. Invaded epidermal cells soon died. A layer of spermatiophores then developed within each young spermogonium and appeared to push the epidermal cell wall material and leaf cuticle covering the spermogonium out from the leaf surface. Once mature, spermatiophores gave rise to a succession of uninucleate spermatia that emerged from the tip of each spermatiophore. Spermatia initially accumulated beneath the layer of epidermal cell wall material and cuticle that covered the developing spermogonium and appeared to push this layer further out from the leaf surface until it ruptured. A few receptive hyphae were observed in mature spermogonia.

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