scholarly journals Fruit Morphology as Taxonomic Features in Five Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Andrawus Zhigila ◽  
Abdullahi Alanamu AbdulRahaman ◽  
Opeyemi Saheed Kolawole ◽  
Felix A. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Variations in the fruit morphological features of Capsicum annuum varieties were studied. Varieties studied include var. abbreviatum, var. annuum, var. accuminatum, var. grossum, and var. glabriusculum. The fruit morphology revealed attenuated fruit shape with rounded surfaces in var. glabriusculum, and cordate fruit shape with flexuous surface in var. annuum, abbreviatum and accuminatum. The fruit is a berry and may be green, yellow, or red when ripe. The fruit epidermal cell-wall patterns are polygonal in shape with straight and curved anticlinal walls in all the five varieties. The fruit of var. abbreviatum and var. grossum is trilocular, while that of var. accuminatum and annuum is bilocular, and that of var. glabriusculum is tetralocular. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum had the highest mean number of seeds (108.4) and var. annuum had the lowest number of seeds (41.3) per fruit. The fruit is conspicuously hollowed in var. glabriusculum, accuminatum, and annuum but inconspicuously hollowed in var. abbreviatum and var. grossum. These features are shown to be good taxonomic characters for delimiting the five varieties of Capsicum annuum.

scholarly journals Cellulose intrafibrillar mineralization of biological silica in a rice plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Nakamura ◽  
Noriaki Ozaki ◽  
Yuya Oaki ◽  
Hiroaki Imai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall

AbstractThe essence of morphological design has been a fascinating scientific problem with regard to understanding biological mineralization. Particularly shaped amorphous silicas (plant opals) play an important role in the vital activity in rice plants. Although various organic matters are associated with silica accumulation, their detailed functions in the shape-controlled mineralization process have not been sufficiently clarified. In the present study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were found to be essential as a scaffold for silica accumulation in rice husks and leaf blades. Prior to silicification, CNFs ~ 10 nm wide are sparsely stacked in a space between the epidermal cell wall and the cuticle layer. Silica nanoparticles 20–50 nm in diameter are then deposited in the framework of the CNFs. The shape-controlled plant opals are formed through the intrafibrillar mineralization of silica nanoparticles on the CNF scaffold.

The root–fungus interface as an indicator of symbiont interaction in ectomycorrhizae

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 846-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Wall Ingrowth ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Cell Wall Ingrowths

Seedlings of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh, Alnusrubra Bong., Eucalyptuspilularis Sm., and Betulaalleghaniensis Britt. were grown in plastic pouches and subsequently inoculated with Alpovadiplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith (two different strains), Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, and Laccariabicolor (R. Mre) Orton, respectively, to form ectomycorrhizae insitu. Alnus seedlings were inoculated with Frankia prior to inoculation with the mycosymbiont. The interface established between A. crispa and A. diplophloeus was complex, involving wall ingrowth formation in root epidermal cells and infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. Alnusrubra – A. diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae had an interface lacking epidermal cell wall ingrowths but with infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. The interface between E. pilularis –. tinctorius consisted of branching Hartig net hyphae between radially enlarged epidermal cells lacking wall ingrowths. Ectomycorrhizae between B. alleghaniensis and L. bicolor developed unique interfaces with radially enlarged epidermal cells near the apical meristem, which synthesized dense vacuolar deposits. Very fine branchings occurred in Hartig net hyphae.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Cabai Hias (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Kana Dau Sukmawati ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Arya Widura Ritonga
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

ABSTRACT Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commodity that has a high economic value and has been known and cultivated by people throughout the world. Ornamental chili pepper has aesthetic value as ornamental plants such as the round or long round fruits and the diversity of fruit colors. This study was conducted to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characters of 11 genotypes of ornamental chili pepper to obtain superior ornamental chili pepper varieties. The analyzed variables were the plant height, stem length, stem diameter, stem color, shortened internode, plant habitus, leaf shape, leaf color, leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering, corolla color, anther color, flower position, harvest date, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit pedicel length, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit shape at blossom end, fruit color, and anthocyanin coloration. This study was conducted in green house of the Cikabayan Experimental Garden and the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, from January to June 2018. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with one factor (genotipe) and four replicates. All genotypes evaluated had diverse quantitative and qualitative characters especially in the character of fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit color. The most preferred genotypes were Ayesha 1, Violeta, and Nazla. Ayesha 1 was favored because of its rounded fruit, interesting and quite varied fruit colors. Violeta and Nazla were prefered because of the purple fruits. Nazla was prefered as pot ornamental plants for its short plant and the convenience to take care. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L, genotipe, ornamental chili pepper  Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan merupakan tanaman yang sudah dikenal dan dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Karakter cabai hias memiliki nilai estetika sebagai tanaman hias seperti bentuk buah yang umumnya bulat atau bulat panjang dan warna buah yang sangat bervariasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif 11 genotipe cabai hias untuk menghasilkan varietas cabai hias yang unggul. Karakter yang diamati terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, diameter batang, warna batang, pemendekan ruas, habitus tanaman, bentuk daun, warna daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, waktu munculnya bunga, warna mahkota bunga, warna anther, kedudukan bunga, umur panen buah, bobot buah, panjang buah, panjang tangkai buah, diameter buah, bentuk buah, bentuk pangkal buah, perubahan warna buah, dan pewarnaan antosianin. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan dan Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2018. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor yaitu genotipe dengan 4 kali ulangan. Semua genotipe yang dievalusi memiliki karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang beragam baik antar genotipe uji maupun dengan varietas pembanding, terutama pada karakter bobot buah, panjang buah, dan warna buah. Genotipe yang paling disukai adalah Ayesha 1, Violeta, dan Nazla. Ayesha 1 disukai karena bentuk buahnya yang membulat dan warna buahnya yang menarik dan beragam. Violeta dan Nazla disukai karena buahnya berwarna ungu. Nazla lebih disukai untuk tanaman hias pot karena perawakannya yang pendek dan memudahkan perawatan. Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum L., cabai hias, genotipe

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antioxidant Evaluation of Varieties of Pepper Fruits in Akpan Andem Market in Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
O. T. Umoh ◽  
V. E. Uyoh ◽  
A. P. Ette ◽  
E. E. Eyibio ◽  
A. O. Oghenekevwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Capsicum Baccatum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Red Capsicum

The results of this research showed significant difference in the phytochemical contents of Capsicum baccatum L. (Yellow), Capsicum baccatum L. (Red), Capsicum Chinese Jacq., Capsicum annuum L. (Cayenne), Capsicum annuum L. (Bell) in terms of total Saponin, Tanins and Cardiac glucosides. The concentrations of flavonoids, Alkaloids and Anthraquinones were similar in the five species of Capsicum studied and it could be attribute to cultivation, ripeness, storage and soil salinity, among other factors. Reducing power assay is one of established method for evaluation of antioxidant potential of a test sample which was employed in the course of this work. Basically, it involves reduction of Fe3+ into Fe2+ with the formation of Perl’s Prussian blue colour complex wherein absorbance is read at 700 nm. This reducing ability varies with respect to various concentrations of antioxidant present in the samples. The Different fruit composition of the five pepper species indicates that apart from the evident morphological differences in terms of fruit shape and appearance, they also differ in their content of phytochemicals.

Cell wall composition during expansion, ripening and postharvest water loss of red bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 111225
Author(s):  
Erin M. O’Donoghue ◽  
Sheryl D. Somerfield ◽  
Ronan K.Y. Chen ◽  
Heather R. Tiffin ◽  
Donald A. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Bell Peppers

Phylloepiphytic interaction between bacteria and different plant species in a tropical agricultural system

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 918-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lílian Estrela Borges Baldotto ◽  
Fábio Lopes Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Relationship Of

Plant surfaces are a favourable niche for bacterial establishment, and hypothetically, plant species differ in their capacity to harbour epiphytic bacterial communities. This study was conducted to evaluate and describe the structural relationship of a bacterial community at the phyllosphere level with different plant species in a tropical ecosystem. Leaf blades of 47 plant species distributed in 27 botanical families were collected on a typical small Brazilian farm and prepared for observation under light and scanning electron microscopy. Naturally occurring bacteria were the most abundant settlers of the phylloplane, followed by fungal spore or hyphae. All plant species studied were colonized by phylloepiphytic bacteria, which were observed as solitary cells, microcolonies, and biofilms. However, independent of the family, the plant species differed in the pattern of phyllosphere colonization, as reflected in bacteria frequency and presence or absence of anatomical features that would favour the association. The phylloepiphytic bacteria were preferentially established on the following sites: epidermal cell wall junctions, glandular and nonglandular trichomes, veins, stomata, and epidermal cell wall surface. Profuse bacteria and fungi colonization was observed, at a level that was at least comparable with temperate regions. Interestingly, fungi seemed to alter the bacteria colonization pattern, most probably by microenvironmental modifications. The trichome type and density as well as the presence of epicuticular wax on the leaf blade surface seemed to be the most determinant anatomical features for the pattern of phyllosphere colonization. The presence of trichomes has a favourable, and epicuticular wax an unfavourable influence on the plant–bacteria interaction.

The ultrastructure of the Spilocaea state of Venturia inaequalis in vivo

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Corlett ◽  
James Chong ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Conidiogenous Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Primary Conidium

There are indications that the fungus enzymatically degrades the cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The epidermal cells and to a lesser degree the palisade mesophyll cells beneath a sporulating lesion (susceptible reaction) are killed or seriously disrupted. Various stages of conidiogenesis, including development of the primary conidium, were observed. A conidium is delimited by a two-layered transverse septum. Before conidium secession, a new two-layered inner wall is laid down around the entire conidiogenous cell adjacent to the plasmalemma. The apical region of the new inner wall proliferates beyond the annellation scar left by the seceded conidium and eventually produces another conidium.

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