Kinematic properties of human arm reaching movements in a three-dimensional space

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Kashima ◽  
Keita Sugawara ◽  
Ayumi Mitoh
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Arm Reaching ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Kinematic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Interacting Noise Sources Shape Patterns of Arm Movement Variability in Three-Dimensional Space

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2654-2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Apker ◽  
Timothy K. Darling ◽  
Christopher A. Buneo
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Reaching movements are subject to noise in both the planning and execution phases of movement production. The interaction of these noise sources during natural movements is not well understood, despite its importance for understanding movement variability in neurologically intact and impaired individuals. Here we examined the interaction of planning and execution related noise during the production of unconstrained reaching movements. Subjects performed sequences of two movements to targets arranged in three vertical planes separated in depth. The starting position for each sequence was also varied in depth with the target plane; thus required movement sequences were largely contained within the vertical plane of the targets. Each final target in a sequence was approached from two different directions, and these movements were made with or without visual feedback of the moving hand. These combined aspects of the design allowed us to probe the interaction of execution and planning related noise with respect to reach endpoint variability. In agreement with previous studies, we found that reach endpoint distributions were highly anisotropic. The principal axes of movement variability were largely aligned with the depth axis, i.e., the axis along which visual planning related noise would be expected to dominate, and were not generally well aligned with the direction of the movement vector. Our results suggest that visual planning–related noise plays a dominant role in determining anisotropic patterns of endpoint variability in three-dimensional space, with execution noise adding to this variability in a movement direction-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Abundance structure and chemical evolution of the Galactic disc

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 789-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bensby ◽  
Sofia Feltzing
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Galactic Disc ◽  
Dwarf Stars ◽  
Stellar Ages ◽  
Stellar Halo ◽  
Kinematic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractWe have obtained high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra for 899 F and G dwarf stars in the Solar neighbourhood. The stars were selected on the basis of their kinematic properties to trace the thin and thick discs, the Hercules stream, and the metal-rich stellar halo. A significant number of stars with kinematic properties ‘in between’ the thin and thick discs were also observed to investigate in greater detail the dichotomy of the Galactic disc. All stars have been homogeneously analysed, using the exact same methods, atomic data, model atmospheres, etc., and also truly differentially to the Sun. Hence, the sample is likely to be free from internal errors, allowing us to, in a multi-dimensional space consisting of detailed elemental abundances, stellar ages, and the full three-dimensional space velocities, reveal very small differences between the stellar populations.

scholarly journals Examinations for Human Arm Trajectory and Posture Planning in Three-Dimensional Space

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro WADA ◽  
Kimitaka TSUYUKI ◽  
Yousuke SOGA ◽  
Kazuhiro YAMANAKA ◽  
Mitsuo KAWATO
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document