scholarly journals Natural Advance Regeneration of Native Tree Species in Pinus radiata Plantations of South-Central Chile Suggests Potential for a Passive Restoration Approach

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Kremer ◽  
Álvaro Promis ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus

AbstractRestoration of natural forests previously replaced by plantations is a widespread challenge for forestry in Chile and elsewhere. However, there is little documented evidence for successful restoration, either through active or passive approaches. In this study, we aimed at (1) determining the potential for passive restoration in first-rotation Pinus radiata plantations through natural regeneration of native tree species and (2) identifying drivers of this advance regeneration. Across different regions in south-central Chile, we established nearly 260 plots to assess regeneration and environmental conditions along 26 transects running from plantations into adjacent natural forests. The regeneration was exclusively composed by native species, except for 7 individuals of P. radiata. Mean density and diversity of seedlings were significantly higher in natural forests than in plantations, but this was not the case for sapling density, and no differences in sapling diversity were supported. Additionally, significant differences in regeneration composition between plantations and natural forests were found only at two of the eight study sites. Compared to climatic and soil chemical variables, which varied mostly at regional scales, local environmental conditions showed little influence on regeneration, possibly due to the structural homogeneity of plantations. Yet, the significantly higher basal area, litter thickness and gap fraction of plantations compared to natural forests suggest that these factors may explain differences at the seedling stage. Our study indicates that the use of appropriate harvesting methods that maintain advance regeneration may facilitate the transition from plantations to native forests through passive restoration. The use this approach should be further investigated through analyzing regeneration’s response to different forms of plantation harvesting.

Author(s):  
MR Haider ◽  
S Alam ◽  
M Mohiuddin

Natural regeneration status of native tree species in three natural forests of Moulvibazar, Sylhet Forest Division, Bangladesh was assessed through stratified random sampling method. A total of 70 tree species belonging to 31 families was recorded. Moraceae has the maximum number of species (8 species). Myrtaceae has 6 species and Rubiaceae has 5 species while both Euphorbiaceae and Meliaceae have 4 species each. The families Anacardiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Combretaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Sterculiaceae, Verbenaceae have 3 species each, while Clausiaceae, Mimosaceae and Ternstroemiaceae has 2 species each, and the rest 16 families (viz. Apocynaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araliaceae, Arecaceae, Bombacaceae, Burseraceae, Caesalpinaceae, Dilleniaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Lythraceae, Myrsinaceae, Polygalaceae, Rutaceae, Tiliaceae, Thymelaeaceae) comprise one species each. Artocarpus chama represents maximum seedlings production per hectare (2,528), followed by Syzygium firmum (1825), Ficus racemosa (1425), Syzygium fruticosum (1033) and Holigarna caustica (917). Biological diversity indices were also calculated which ensure a promising regeneration status of Moulvibazar Natural forests. The percentage distribution of seedlings was maximum (78.12%) for 0-50 cm height range for all species. The numbers of seedling reduced proportionately with height growth indicating the reduction recruitment of seedlings in Moulvibazar natural forests. Artocarpas chama showed maximum (1.97 %) seedling recruitment. Natural regeneration potential is useful for developing the management plans for effective functioning of Moulvibazar natural forests, Sylhet, Bangladesh.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(2): 1-10


Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Mikulová ◽  
Ivan Jarolímek ◽  
Tomáš Bacigál ◽  
Katarína Hegedüšová ◽  
Jana Májeková ◽  
...  

The cover of introduced tree species in Europe has recently increased, due to several factors. Attempts to understand the impact of non-native edificator trees on the environmental conditions and diversity of undergrowth have so far been limited to a few studies. In this paper, we analyse the effect of one of the most commonly planted non-native tree species–black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) in the Carpathian-Pannonian region, north of the border of its native occurrence. The objectives of our study were to determine the following: (i) How does black pine, as a non-native edificator, change the forest structure and environmental conditions in comparison to those of native communities? (ii) How does black pine change the species composition of undergrowth in comparison to that of native communities? (iii) Which factors are associated with the impact of black pine on diversity? To answer these questions, we used the twin plot method, sampling two neighbouring plots with the same environmental conditions in which one plot of the pair is in a forest with native tree species composition and the second plot is in a planted non-native Pinus nigra plantation. We found that in forests dominated by the non-native black pine, (a) the tree canopy is significantly more open; (b) the cover of the shrub layer is significantly higher; (c) the needles of black pine form a significantly thicker litter layer and (d) the cover of the herb layer is significantly lower than that in the native forest. (e) Black pine plays a vital role in modifying local climate by altering air temperature and humidity; (f) there were no significant differences in the soil pH between black pine plantations and native forests; (g) the plantations of black pine cause changes in diversity at both the species and the community level and (h) the dissimilarity between black pine plantations and neighbouring native forests decreases at higher altitudes.


Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi Heinrichs ◽  
Aníbal Pauchard ◽  
Peter Schall

Alien tree plantations are expanding globally with potential negative effects for native biodiversity. We investigated plant species diversity and composition in a Pinus radiata landscape in south-central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot, by sampling understory vegetation in different plantation age classes, along forest roads and in natural forest remnants in order to find effective conservation measures for native biodiversity. Plantations, including different age classes and roadsides, maintained high native species richness at the landscape scale but supported a completely different community composition than natural forests. Thus, natural forest remnants must be conserved as plantations cannot replace them. Certain natural forest species occurred frequently in mature plantations and can represent starting points for retaining natural elements in plantations. Generalist native and alien species benefited from plantation management, mainly in young plantations and along roadsides. Stand maturation and a closed canopy, though, reduced alien species occurrences within plantations. Along roads, shade-tolerant aliens should be monitored and removed as they can potentially invade natural forests. Native species conservation in plantations requires a holistic approach of the full mosaic of land uses including the protection of remaining natural forests, alien species monitoring along roadsides and patches with continuous canopy cover to reduce pressure by alien species.


2007 ◽  
Vol 253 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo C. Guerrero ◽  
Ramiro O. Bustamante

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Patrícia De Oliveira Neves ◽  
André Carlos Cruz Copetti ◽  
Gabriel Martini Lemos ◽  
Luís Henrique De Araújo Gouvêa ◽  
Francisco De Marques De Figueiredo ◽  
...  

A presença de áreas arborizadas reflete em benefícios tanto de caráter ecológico, quanto funcional e psicológico, pois as árvores urbanas oferecem alimentos para a avifauna, controle da poluição do ar e de ruídos, além de tranquilidade, harmonia e paz. O trabalho relata as ações do projeto de extensão “Onde há verde, há vida!”, cujo objetivo principal consiste em contribuir na melhoria das condições socioambientais do município de São Gabriel (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), através da produção e plantio de mudas arbóreas nativas da flora brasileira, em parceria com a comunidade gabrielense. Está sendo desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)/campus São Gabriel, desde 2014, com a colaboração de servidores e discentes da instituição. Em 27 meses, foram produzidas 539 mudas, das quais, 202 já foram plantadas no município, incluindo propriedades particulares, área militar e instituições de ensino. No município, a iniciativa é relevante no sentido de promover o plantio de espécies arbóreas nativas da flora local ou regional, além de dar início à arborização do campus universitário. No ambiente escolar, o plantio e o acompanhamento do crescimento das mudas pelas crianças, dará suporte para ações teórico-práticas sobre educação ambiental, importantes para a formação de cidadãos comprometidos com a preservação do meio ambiente. Em 2017, o projeto seguirá, com a firmação de novas parcerias, incluindo instituições de outros municípios. Palavras-chave: Áreas Verdes, Biodiversidade, Extensão Universitária   Native tree species planting: an alternative for improving socio-environmental conditions of the municipality of São Gabriel, Brazil Abstract: The presence of green areas brings ecological, functional and psychological benefits, because the urban trees offer food for birds, control air pollution and noise, as well as reflect tranquility, harmony, and peace. This article reports the actions from the university extension project "Where there is green, there is life!" which main objective is to improve socio-environmental conditions of São Gabriel city (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), through the production and planting of native tree seedlings from Brazilian flora, in partnership with São Gabriel’s community. This work is being developed, since 2014, at the Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)/campus São Gabriel, with the collaboration of employees and students. In 27 months, 539 seedlings were produced, of which 202 have already been planted in the city, including private properties, military area, and educational institutions. The project is a relevant initiative to the city, in order to promote the planting of native tree species from local or regional flora, in addition, it promotes the university campus arborization. In the school environment, the planting and monitoring of seedlings growth by children support theoretical and practical actions on environmental education, which is very important to the development of citizens committed to the environment preservation. In 2017, the project will continue, with new partnerships, including institutions from other cities. Keywords: Green Areas, Biodiversity, University Extension   Plantaciones de especies arbóreas nativas: una alternativa para la mejoría de las condiciones socio ambientales del municipio de São Gabriel, Brasil    Resumen: La presencia de zonas arborizadas refleja en beneficios tanto de carácter ecológico como funcional y psicológico, ya que los árboles urbanos ofrecen alimentos para la avifauna, control de la polución del aire y de ruidos, así como la tranquilidad, armonía y paz. El trabajo describe las acciones del proyecto de extensión “¡Donde hay verde, hay vida!”, cuyo objetivo principal consiste en contribuir con la mejoría de las condiciones socio ambientales del municipio de São Gabriel (estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), a través de la producción y plantío de plantones arbóreos nativos de la flora brasileña, en cooperación  con la comunidad de São Gabriel. Está siendo desarrollado en la Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA)/campus São Gabriel, desde 2014, con la colaboración de servidores y estudiantes de la institución. En 27 meses, se produjeron 539 plantones, de los cuales, 202 ya han sido plantados en el municipio, incluyendo propiedades privadas, área militar y las instituciones educativas. En la ciudad, la iniciativa es relevante en el sentido de promover la plantación de especies nativas de la flora local o regional, además de iniciar el proceso de arborización del campus universitario. En el entorno escolar, la plantación y el mantenimiento del crecimiento de los plantones por los niños, apoyarán las acciones teórico-prácticas sobre educación ambiental, importantes para la formación de ciudadanos comprometidos con la preservación del medio ambiente. En 2017, el proyecto va a seguir, con la adhesión de nuevas asociaciones, incluyendo instituciones de otros municipios. Palabras-clave: Zonas Verdes, Biodiversidad, Extensión Universitaria


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1408
Author(s):  
Cecilia Smith‐Ramírez ◽  
Jessica Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Armesto

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