scholarly journals Native Plant Diversity and Composition Across a Pinus radiata D.Don Plantation Landscape in South-Central Chile—The Impact of Plantation Age, Logging Roads and Alien Species

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi Heinrichs ◽  
Aníbal Pauchard ◽  
Peter Schall
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Plantation Age ◽  
Forest Remnants

Alien tree plantations are expanding globally with potential negative effects for native biodiversity. We investigated plant species diversity and composition in a Pinus radiata landscape in south-central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot, by sampling understory vegetation in different plantation age classes, along forest roads and in natural forest remnants in order to find effective conservation measures for native biodiversity. Plantations, including different age classes and roadsides, maintained high native species richness at the landscape scale but supported a completely different community composition than natural forests. Thus, natural forest remnants must be conserved as plantations cannot replace them. Certain natural forest species occurred frequently in mature plantations and can represent starting points for retaining natural elements in plantations. Generalist native and alien species benefited from plantation management, mainly in young plantations and along roadsides. Stand maturation and a closed canopy, though, reduced alien species occurrences within plantations. Along roads, shade-tolerant aliens should be monitored and removed as they can potentially invade natural forests. Native species conservation in plantations requires a holistic approach of the full mosaic of land uses including the protection of remaining natural forests, alien species monitoring along roadsides and patches with continuous canopy cover to reduce pressure by alien species.

scholarly journals Natural Advance Regeneration of Native Tree Species in Pinus radiata Plantations of South-Central Chile Suggests Potential for a Passive Restoration Approach

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Kremer ◽  
Álvaro Promis ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Passive Restoration ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

AbstractRestoration of natural forests previously replaced by plantations is a widespread challenge for forestry in Chile and elsewhere. However, there is little documented evidence for successful restoration, either through active or passive approaches. In this study, we aimed at (1) determining the potential for passive restoration in first-rotation Pinus radiata plantations through natural regeneration of native tree species and (2) identifying drivers of this advance regeneration. Across different regions in south-central Chile, we established nearly 260 plots to assess regeneration and environmental conditions along 26 transects running from plantations into adjacent natural forests. The regeneration was exclusively composed by native species, except for 7 individuals of P. radiata. Mean density and diversity of seedlings were significantly higher in natural forests than in plantations, but this was not the case for sapling density, and no differences in sapling diversity were supported. Additionally, significant differences in regeneration composition between plantations and natural forests were found only at two of the eight study sites. Compared to climatic and soil chemical variables, which varied mostly at regional scales, local environmental conditions showed little influence on regeneration, possibly due to the structural homogeneity of plantations. Yet, the significantly higher basal area, litter thickness and gap fraction of plantations compared to natural forests suggest that these factors may explain differences at the seedling stage. Our study indicates that the use of appropriate harvesting methods that maintain advance regeneration may facilitate the transition from plantations to native forests through passive restoration. The use this approach should be further investigated through analyzing regeneration’s response to different forms of plantation harvesting.

Litter burning does not equally affect seedling emergence of native and alien species of the Mediterranean-type Chilean matorral

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Gómez-González ◽  
Lohengrin A. Cavieres
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Chilean Matorral ◽  
Anthropogenic Fires

Central Chile differs from other areas with Mediterranean-type climate by the scarcity of natural wildfires. The Chilean matorral is highly invaded by alien plant species from other Mediterranean zones of the world, where natural, recurrent wildfires have been one of their ecological features at least since the Pliocene. This suggests that anthropogenic fires in Chile might favour alien plant recruitment, increasing the invasive process. We assessed the effect of litter burning on the emergence of alien and native species from the soil seedbank of a matorral of central Chile. Soil samples were taken from three types of microhabitats: (i) closed matorral; (ii) beneath the canopy of shrubs and trees from an open matorral; (iii) grassland. Each sample was split in two subsamples. One subsample was exposed to fire by burning the litter taken from its corresponding microhabitat, and the other subsample was left unburned and used as a control. Fire intensity, determined by the fuel type, affected more markedly the native seedbank survival than the alien one. The low-intensity fire produced by grassland litter did not significantly affect the emergence of native herbs but increased alien species richness. The high-intensity and the very high-intensity fires produced by litter burning from beneath the canopy of the closed and the open matorral, respectively, negatively affected the seedling emergence of both native and alien species, but did so in a more pronounced manner to native species. Therefore, anthropogenic fires in central Chile may promote the invasion of alien plants with favourable traits (i.e. heat-shock resistance of seeds) that are not present in the native flora.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF POST-FIRE WATER-REPELLENT LAYERS IN MONTERREY PINE (pinus radiata D. DON) PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL CHILE

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Garcia-Chevesich ◽  
R Pizarro ◽  
C.L Stropki ◽  
P Ramirez de Arellano ◽  
P.F Ffolliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals Potential of Pinus radiata plantations for use of harvest residues in characteristic soils of south-central Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cartes-Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Rafael Rubilar-Pons ◽  
Eduardo Acuña-Carmona ◽  
Jorge Cancino-Cancino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals Can native clonal moso bamboo encroach on adjacent natural forest without human intervention?

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangbin Bai ◽  
Yixiang Wang ◽  
Richard T. Conant ◽  
Guomo Zhou ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Evergreen Broadleaved Forest ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Moso Bamboo Forest

Abstract Native species are generally thought not to encroach on adjacent natural forest without human intervention. However, the phenomenon that native moso bamboo may encroach on surrounding natural forests by itself occurred in China. To certificate this encroaching process, we employed the transition front approach to monitor the native moso bamboo population dynamics in native Chinese fir and evergreen broadleaved forest bordering moso bamboo forest in Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve during the period between 2005 and 2014. The results showed that the bamboo front moved toward the Chinese fir/evergreen broadleaved stand with the new bamboo produced yearly. Moso bamboo encroached at a rate of 1.28 m yr−1 in Chinese fir forest and 1.04 m yr−1 in evergreen broadleaved forest, and produced 533/437 new culms hm−2 yr−1 in the encroaching natural Chinese fir/evergreen broadleaved forest. Moso bamboo coverage was increasing while adjacent natural forest area decreasing continuously. These results indicate that native moso bamboo was encroaching adjacent natural forest gradually without human intervention. It should be considered to try to create a management regime that humans could selectively remove culms to decrease encroachment.

Phylogenetic and mycogeographical aspects of Lactarius and Rhizopogon associated with Pinus radiata in south-central Chile

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Chávez ◽  
Ángela Machuca ◽  
Gustavo Torres-Mellado ◽  
Cristian Gallardo-Escarate ◽  
Götz Palfner
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
First Record ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
South Central

Pinus and Eucalyptus, being grown worldwide for timber and paper pulp industry, are depending on ectomycorrhizal fungi during their entire life cycle; especially Pinus is frequently found to be colonized by highly host-specific root mycobionts such as Suillus spp. or Rhizopogon spp. Although compatible fungi are usually not naturally present when the host tree genus is not native in the planted area, as in the case of Southern Chile, adventitious communities of ectomycorrhizal fungal partners with unknown origin are commonly observed along the extensive range of Chilean Pinus radiata plantations. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis focused on two taxa of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi and Rhizopogon, two very common but insufficiently studied ectomycorrhizal fungi in plantations of P. radiata in central Chile, in order to clarify both identity and origin of adventitious fungal strains. Based on ITS sequences from different specimens covering a larger distribution area, we identified the examined taxa as Lactarius quieticolor and Rhizopogon roseolus. This is the first record of L. quieticolor for South America and there is some evidence that the geographic origin of the examined strains of both species is in the Eurasian region rather than in North America where their host tree P. radiata is native, which raises the discussion how mycorrhizal partners of different geographical origins meet in an allochthonous area. 

Changes in lowland dry-forest native and alien plant communities on Réunion Island (Indian Ocean) over 16 years

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 843-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Barbé ◽  
Nicole J. Fenton ◽  
Christophe Lavergne ◽  
Timothée Le Péchon ◽  
Cláudia Baider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
High Level

Native floras of oceanic islands are among the most threatened on Earth. For example, only 1% of intact dry-forest ecosystems remain on Réunion, harbouring numerous endangered native species. Alien species invasion is one of the more important threats facing these ecosystems, as it has been hypothesized that, over time, the abundance of alien species will increase more than that of native species. To explore this, we studied floristic changes over a 16 year period (1995–2011) in six dry-forest remnants. Species richness and abundance increased for both alien and native species over this period, but at a significantly higher rate for the abundance of invasive alien plants. Despite this, Jaccard’s coefficient indicates a high level of similarity between the communities of 1995 and 2011. Also, the single site that benefited from invasive species management experienced the largest increase in native species, both in terms of specific richness and abundance. This study underlines the importance of permanent plots in studying the dynamics of invaded communities and in understanding plant succession. It also suggests a potential temporal persistence of island dry-forest communities, despite the expansion of alien species, and suggests the development of a new pathway in secondary succession where native and alien species coexist.

scholarly journals Biogeographic Distribution of Cedrela spp. Genus in Peru Using MaxEnt Modeling: A Conservation and Restoration Approach

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Alexander Cotrina Sánchez ◽  
Nilton B. Rojas Briceño ◽  
Subhajit Bandopadhyay ◽  
Subhasis Ghosh ◽  
Cristóbal Torres Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
National Service ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Population Sizes

The increasing demand for tropical timber from natural forests has reduced the population sizes of native species such as Cedrela spp. because of their high economic value. To prevent the decline of population sizes of the species, all Cedrela species have been incorporated into Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The study presents information about the modeled distribution of the genus Cedrela in Peru that aims to identify potential habitat distribution of the genus, its availability in areas protected by national service of protected areas, and highlighted some areas because of their conservation relevance and the potential need for restoration. We modeled the distribution of the genus Cedrela in Peru using 947 occurrence records that included 10 species (C. odorata, C. montana, C. fissilis, C. longipetiolulata, C. angustifolia, C. nebulosa, C. kuelapensis, C. saltensis, C. weberbaueri, and C. molinensis). We aim to identify areas environmentally suitable for the occurrence of Cedrela that are legally protected by the National Service of Protected Areas (PAs) and those that are ideal for research and restoration projects. We used various environmental variables (19 bioclimatic variables, 3 topographic factors, 9 edaphic factors, solar radiation, and relative humidity) and the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to predict the probability of occurrence. We observed that 6.7% (86,916.2 km2) of Peru presents a high distribution probability of occurrence of Cedrela, distributed in 17 departments, with 4.4% (10,171.03 km2) of the area protected by PAs mainly under the category of protection forests. Another 11.65% (21,345.16 km2) of distribution covers areas highly prone to degradation, distributed mainly in the departments Ucayali, Loreto, and Madre de Dios, and needs immediate attention for its protection and restoration. We believe that the study will contribute significantly to conserve Cedrela and other endangered species, as well as to promote the sustainable use and management of timber species as a whole.

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