scholarly journals Rural landscapes and agrarian spaces under soybean expansion dynamics: a case study of the Santarém region, Brazilian Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Coelho ◽  
Ana Aguiar ◽  
Peter Toledo ◽  
Roberto Araújo ◽  
Otávio do Canto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Mechanized Agriculture

AbstractFollowing the boom of soybean production from 2000 to 2006 in the Santarém region of the Brazilian Amazon, the mechanized agricultural area remained stable, unlike other regions. Deforestation was controlled, but this initial expansion led to the restructuring of the agrarian space in the region. Given this scenario, we aimed to understand the mechanized agricultural expansion effects in the region by comparing the periods 1999–2007 and 2007–2015. Our hypothesis was that it impacted heterogeneous actors and land tenure categories. We combined multi-temporal land change maps derived from remote sensing to land tenure information to evaluate how land change transitions differed over time, both in public (traditional and sustainable use official settlements) and private areas. In private areas, we observed a 12% reduction in forest cover in 1999–2007 and a 2.5% reduction in 2007–2015. In sustainable use settlements, forest loss was only 3% and 2% in each period, respectively. Mechanized agriculture occupied areas of family farming (42%), secondary vegetation (20%), pasture (20%), and forest areas (18%). Family farming lost most of the area to other uses. Within settlements, the area of family farming increased by 50% at the expense of the forest area. We conclude that the rise and fall of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon hide multiple social and territorial processes. Understanding such dynamics is critical for establishing measures toward a sustainable future.

A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Barrett ◽  
J. Rogan ◽  
J. R. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Land Change

scholarly journals Change assessment of forest cover in Ghodaghodi lake area in Kailali district of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Comparison Approach ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
One Year

Ghodaghodi Lake in Far-West Nepal has been listed as a Ramsar Site due to its significance as a habitat for several endangered species of flora and fauna. The wetland and its surrounding area is facing deforestation, forest degradation and encroachment. In this case study, unsupervised and finally supervised classification of multi-temporal Landsat imagery covering the wetland area was applied. A post-classification comparison approach was used to derive forest cover change maps. The results depicted the loss of forest cover over a thirty- one year period, in three time slices. The highest rate of loss was observed in the 1990 to1999 time slice. Keywords: Change detection; forest cover; Ghodaghodi lake; Landsat DOI: 10.3126/banko.v19i2.2980 Banko Janakari, Vol. 19, No.2 2009 pp.15-19

scholarly journals Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Z. Laporta ◽  
Roberto C. Ilacqua ◽  
Eduardo S. Bergo ◽  
Leonardo S. M. Chaves ◽  
Sheila R. Rodovalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Malaria Exposure ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Mosquito Communities

AbstractThe relationship between deforestation and malaria is a spatiotemporal process of variation in Plasmodium incidence in human-dominated Amazonian rural environments. The present study aimed to assess the underlying mechanisms of malarial exposure risk at a fine scale in 5-km2 sites across the Brazilian Amazon, using field-collected data with a longitudinal spatiotemporally structured approach. Anopheline mosquitoes were sampled from 80 sites to investigate the Plasmodium infection rate in mosquito communities and to estimate the malaria exposure risk in rural landscapes. The remaining amount of forest cover (accumulated deforestation) and the deforestation timeline were estimated in each site to represent the main parameters of both the frontier malaria hypothesis and an alternate scenario, the deforestation-malaria hypothesis, proposed herein. The maximum frequency of pathogenic sites occurred at the intermediate forest cover level (50% of accumulated deforestation) at two temporal deforestation peaks, e.g., 10 and 35 years after the beginning of the organization of a settlement. The incidence density of infected anophelines in sites where the original forest cover decreased by more than 50% in the first 25 years of settlement development was at least twice as high as the incidence density calculated for the other sites studied (adjusted incidence density ratio = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.38–3.68; p = 0.001). The results of this study support the frontier malaria as a unifying hypothesis for explaining malaria emergence and for designing specific control interventions in the Brazilian Amazon.

Flood Mapping Using Multi-temporal Sentinel-1 SAR Images: A Case Study—Inaouene Watershed from Northeast of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Benzougagh ◽  
Pierre-Louis Frison ◽  
Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram ◽  
Larbi Boudad ◽  
Abdallah Dridri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Mapping ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Multi Temporal

scholarly journals Geospatial Serverless Computing: Architectures, Tools and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Bebortta ◽  
Saneev Kumar Das ◽  
Meenakshi Kandpal ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Barik ◽  
Harishchandra Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Amazon Web Services ◽  
Aws Lambda ◽  
Physical Features

Several real-world applications involve the aggregation of physical features corresponding to different geographic and topographic phenomena. This information plays a crucial role in analyzing and predicting several events. The application areas, which often require a real-time analysis, include traffic flow, forest cover, disease monitoring and so on. Thus, most of the existing systems portray some limitations at various levels of processing and implementation. Some of the most commonly observed factors involve lack of reliability, scalability and exceeding computational costs. In this paper, we address different well-known scalable serverless frameworks i.e., Amazon Web Services (AWS) Lambda, Google Cloud Functions and Microsoft Azure Functions for the management of geospatial big data. We discuss some of the existing approaches that are popularly used in analyzing geospatial big data and indicate their limitations. We report the applicability of our proposed framework in context of Cloud Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. An account of some state-of-the-art technologies and tools relevant to our problem domain are discussed. We also visualize performance of the proposed framework in terms of reliability, scalability, speed and security parameters. Furthermore, we present the map overlay analysis, point-cluster analysis, the generated heatmap and clustering analysis. Some relevant statistical plots are also visualized. In this paper, we consider two application case-studies. The first case study was explored using the Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) dataset, which refers to worldwide density of mineral resources in a country-wise fashion. The second case study was performed using the Fairfax Forecast Households dataset, which signifies the parcel-level household prediction for 30 consecutive years. The proposed model integrates a serverless framework to reduce timing constraints and it also improves the performance associated to geospatial data processing for high-dimensional hyperspectral data.

scholarly journals Co-creating narratives for WEF nexus governance: a Quantitative Story-Telling case study in the Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Cabello ◽  
David Romero ◽  
Ana Musicki ◽  
Ângela Guimarães Pereira ◽  
Baltasar Peñate
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Narrative Assessment ◽  
Alternative Water

AbstractThe literature on the water–energy–food nexus has repeatedly signaled the need for transdisciplinary approaches capable of weaving the plurality of knowledge bodies involved in the governance of different resources. To fill this gap, Quantitative Story-Telling (QST) has been proposed as a science for adaptive governance approach that aims at fostering pluralistic and reflexive research processes to overcome narrow framings of water, energy, and food policies as independent domains. Yet, there are few practical applications of QST and most run on a pan-European scale. In this paper, we apply the theory of QST through a practical case study regarding non-conventional water sources as an innovation for water and agricultural governance in the Canary Islands. We present the methods mixed to mobilize different types of knowledge and analyze interconnections between water, energy, and food supply. First, we map and interview relevant knowledge holders to elicit narratives about the current and future roles of alternative water resources in the arid Canarian context. Second, we run a quantitative diagnosis of nexus interconnections related to the use of these resources for irrigation. This analysis provides feedback to the narratives in terms of constraints and uncertainties that might hamper the expectations posed on this innovation. Thirdly, the mixed analysis is used as fuel for discussion in participatory narrative assessment workshops. Our experimental QST process succeeded in co-creating new knowledge regarding the water–energy–food nexus while addressing some relational and epistemological uncertainties in the development of alternative water resources. Yet, the extent to which mainstream socio-technical imaginaries surrounding this innovation were transformed was rather limited. We conclude that the potential of QST within sustainability place-based research resides on its capacity to: (a) bridge different sources of knowledge, including local knowledge; (b) combine both qualitative and quantitative information regarding the sustainable use of local resources, and (c) co-create narratives on desirable and viable socio-technical pathways. Open questions remain as to how to effectively mobilize radically diverse knowledge systems in complex analytical exercises where everyone feels safe to participate.

scholarly journals Saving a species threatened by trade: a network study of Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi conservation

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Regulatory Flexibility ◽  
Government Authority

AbstractSaving species from extinction is a central tenet of conservation, yet success in this endeavour remains unpredictable and elusive, especially where wildlife trade is involved. Influential conservation policy actors operating internationally advocate strong regulatory and enforcement approaches to governance of wildlife trade. However, a broad body of evidence suggests that in some situations positive incentives for sustainable use may achieve better conservation outcomes. This analysis of efforts over 3 decades to avoid the extinction of the Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi draws on network perspectives from environmental governance and geography, and shows how an international project adopting traditional enforcement approaches generated a ‘prestige of ownership’ dynamic among local elites. This placed trade in Bali starlings above the enforcement competencies of the relevant government authority, leading to the demise of the species. Subsequently, two separate Indonesian initiatives created spaces of regulatory flexibility and embraced traits of the starling's phenotype to construct identities for the species suited to the local context. This enrolled a wider range of stakeholders in the conservation of the species, including bird-keeping elites, and led to significant successes in restoring captive and free-flying populations. This case study highlights the potential of conservation networks that involve non-establishment personnel and, while recognizing the appeal of generic enforcement approaches to politicians, funders and the urban public, it adds to an increasing body of evidence that suggests top-down prescriptive conservation frameworks may undermine the ability of situated conservationists to develop interventions appropriate to their political and cultural realities.

THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF ‘INCURSIONS’: LIVESTOCK, PROTECTED AREAS AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN THE MARA REGION OF KENYA

Africa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Butt
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
Mara Region

ABSTRACTAcross the world, the presence of domestic animals in protected areas (PAs) is considered an ‘incursion’ that threatens the economic and ecological viability of these areas. Dominant narratives about incursions inaccurately describe the relationships between people and PAs because they lack adequate contextualization. In this paper, I rely on a political-ecological framework to argue for an alternative narrative. Through a case study from a PA in southern Kenya, I demonstrate how incursions are instead modern co-productions that arise from the intersections between changing political geographies of resource control and variable animal geographies of resource utilization – thus clarifying a long-standing debate about the presence of domestic animals in PAs. I rely on direct empirical and supporting evidence from place-based studies to illustrate the spatial and temporal differences in resource access strategies of wildlife and livestock within and outside the PA. I contrast these against changing land tenure and resource management policies to highlight how livestock movements into PAs are patterned in ways that reflect the changing nature of PA management, the material conditions of the landscape, and the agency of animals. Through these investigations, this paper provides a more accurate and nuanced explanation for livestock movements into PAs.

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