Maize straw and rice husk-derived biochars produced in a simple metal kiln: characteristics and effects on crop productivity in three fields

Author(s):  
Eunhwa Choi ◽  
Seunghwan Kim ◽  
Sarith Mam ◽  
Arjun Gautam ◽  
Ravi Bhandari ◽  
...  
2012 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Thind ◽  
Yadvinder-Singh ◽  
Bijay-Singh ◽  
Varinderpal-Singh ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1339-1348
Author(s):  
Syed Zeeshan Haider

The share of biogas in renewable energy sources is increasing as variety of feedstocks are now used for biogas production among which lignocellulosic biomass is emerging feedstock that can be used after proper pretreatment under best suited temperature. Although lot of pretreatments and temperature combinations have been tested but still there is a gap that can be filled by the current study focused on the effect of the temperature gradient (mesophilic and thermophilic) on biogas production potential of maize straw and rice husk using a modified Gompertz equation. Pretreatment was done by using alkali (NaOH and Ca(OH)2) and acids (HCl and H2SO4) each at 2, 4 and 6%.The pretreatment of crop residue with 6% NaOH degraded lignin contents significantly. The pretreated crop residue was further used for biogas production. A multistage anaerobic bioreactor containing three diagonally inline reactors provided with one water bath connected to reactors for better utilization of energy was used for biogas production. The temperature of water bath was adjusted to that the first reactor achieved 37°C and 55 °C for different experiments. The working temperatures found to be 31-37°C and 46-55°C were achieved to maintain the internal temperature of the reactors within mesophilic and thermophilice temperature ranges, respectively. The 36 days incubation time was equally divided for three reactors. The biogas production rate was297 mL/g-VSadded and 244.07 mL/g-VSadded from maize straw and rice husk under mesophilic conditions, respectively. The results showed an increased biogas yield for both feedstocks under mesophilic conditions as compared to thermophilic conditions. The central reactor showed better production as compared to other two rectors in all experiments.


In many rice producing countries of the world, including in Vietnam, various research aimed at using rice husk ash (RHA) as a finely dispersed active mineral additive in cements, concrete and mortars are being conducted. The effect of the duration of the mechanoactivation of the RHA, produced under laboratory conditions in Vietnam, on its pozzolanic activity were investigated in this study. The composition of ash was investigated by laser granulometry and the values of indicators characterizing the dispersion of its particles before and after mechanical activation were established. The content of soluble amorphous silicon oxide in rice husk ash samples was determined by photocolorimetric analysis. The pizzolanic activity of the RHA, fly ash and the silica fume was also compared according to the method of absorption of the solution of the active mineral additive. It is established that the duration of the mechanical activation of rice husk ash by grinding in a vibratory mill is optimal for increasing its pozzolanic activity, since it simultaneously results in the production of the most dispersed ash particles with the highest specific surface area and maximum solubility of the amorphous silica contained in it. Longer grinding does not lead to further reduction in the size of ash particles, which can be explained by their aggregation, and also reduces the solubility of amorphous silica in an aqueous alkaline medium.


2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Hassan K. Hassan ◽  
Najla J. Al-Amiri ◽  
Mohammed M. Yassen

Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.


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