scholarly journals Stress analysis in a bone fracture fixed with topology-optimised plates

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulsalam Abdulaziz Al-Tamimi ◽  
Carlos Quental ◽  
Joao Folgado ◽  
Chris Peach ◽  
Paulo Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Fracture Plane ◽  
Topology Optimisation ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Fixation Plate

Abstract The design of commercially available fixation plates and the materials used for their fabrication lead to the plates being stiffer than bone. Consequently, commercial plates are prone to induce bone stress shielding. In this study, three-dimensional fixation plates are designed using topology optimisation aiming to reduce the risk of bone stress shielding. Fixation plate designs were optimised by minimising the strain energy for three levels of volume reduction (i.e. 25%, 45% and 75%). To evaluate stress shielding, changes in bone stress due to the different fixation plate designs were determined on the fracture plane of an idealised shaft of a long bone under a four-point bending load considering the effect of a patient walking with crutches of a transverse fractured tibia. Topology optimisation is a viable approach to design less stiff plates with adequate mechanical strength considering high volume reductions, which consequently increased the stress transferred to the bone fracture plane minimising bone stress shielding.

Three - Dimensional Numerical analysis of the Mechanical function of the Plate Fixation for the Long bone Fracture

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Hyoun Oh Cho ◽  
Kyung Duk Kwak ◽  
Sung Do Cho ◽  
Snag Jeong Lee ◽  
Choong Dong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Long Bone Fracture

scholarly journals Design of Fracture Fixation Plate for Necessary and Sufficient Bone Stress Shielding

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotlanka RAMAKRISHNA ◽  
Idapalapati SRIDHAR ◽  
Sathiamoorthy SIVASHANKER ◽  
Kok Sun KHONG ◽  
Dhanjoo N. GHISTA
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Fixation Plate ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

scholarly journals Glass fiber/polypropylene composites with potential of bone fracture fixation plates: Manufacturing process and mechanical characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (30) ◽  
pp. 4903-4919
Author(s):  
Ali Kabiri ◽  
Gholamhossein Liaghat ◽  
Fatemeh Alavi ◽  
Hossein Saidpour ◽  
Seyyed Kaveh Hedayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Long Glass Fiber ◽  
Pp Composites

Mechanical properties and manufacturing processes of Glass Fiber/Polypropylene (GF/PP) composites for application of flexible internal long bone fracture fixation plates have been investigated. PP/Short Chopped Glass Fiber (PPSCGF), PP/Long Glass Fiber (PPLGF) and PP/Long Glass Fiber Yarn (PPLGFY) were used in fabrication of the fixation plates. The PPSCGF and PPLGF plates were made by the heat-compressing process and Three-dimensional (3D) printing method was used to make the PPLGFY ones. The values of Young’s modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus and strength, and impact strength of the PPSCGF in the fiber longitudinal direction were found to be [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa and [Formula: see text]kJ/m2, respectively. Where, these values for the PPLGF were to [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, and [Formula: see text]kJ/m2 and for the PPLGFY were to [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa, [Formula: see text]GPa, [Formula: see text]MPa and [Formula: see text]kJ/m2. These have been found to be in close agreement with the human bone properties. Furthermore, the strength and modulus values of the plates were reasonable to be used as a bone implant applicable for bone fracture reconstructions. Hence, the study concluded that the GF/PP composites are useful for load-bearing during daily activities and would be recommended as a choice in orthopedic fixation plate applications. It will help the researchers for development of new fixation designs and the clinicians for better patient’s therapy in future.

scholarly journals Long bone fracture reduction and deformity correction using the hexapod external fixator with a new method: a feasible study and preliminary results

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshi Liu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Xingpeng Zhang ◽  
Maimaiaili Yushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Fracture Reduction ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Electronic Prescription ◽  
Long Bone Fracture

Abstract Background The hexapod external fixator (HEF), such as the Taylor spatial frame (TSF), offering the ability of multidirectional deformities correction without changing the structure, whereas there are so many parameters for surgeons to measure and subjective errors will occur inevitably. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new method based on computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and hexapod external fixator for long bone fracture reduction and deformity correction without calculating the parameters needed by the traditional usage. Methods This retrospective study consists of 25 patients with high-energy tibial diaphyseal fractures treated by the HEF at our institution from January 2016 to June 2018, including 22 males and 3 females with a mean age of 42 years (range 14–63 years). Hexapod external fixator treatments were conducted to manage the multiplanar posttraumatic deformities with/without poor soft-tissue that were not suitable for internal fixation. Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction and trajectory planning of the reduction by Mimics were applied to perform virtual fracture reduction and deformity correction. The electronic prescription derived from the length changes of the six struts were calculated by SolidWorks. Fracture reduction was conducted by adjusting the lengths of the six struts according to the electronic prescription. Effectiveness was evaluated by the standard anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays after reduction. Results All patients acquired excellent functional reduction and achieved bone union in our study. After correction, the mean translation (1.0 ± 1.1 mm) and angulation (0.8 ± 1.2°) on the coronal plane, mean translation (0.8 ± 1.0 mm) and angulation (0.3 ± 0.8°) on the sagittal plane were all less than those (6.1 ± 4.9 mm, 5.2 ± 3.2°, 4.2 ± 3.5 mm, 4.0 ± 2.5°) before correction (P < 0.05). Conclusions The computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction and hexapod external fixator-based method allows surgeons to conduct long bone fracture reduction and deformity correction without calculating the parameters needed by the traditional usage. This method is suggested to apply in those unusually complex cases with extensive soft tissue damage and where internal fixation is impossible or inadvisable.

scholarly journals Long Bone Fracture Reduction and Deformity Correction Using the Hexapod External Fixator With a New Method: a Feasible Study and Preliminary Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshi Liu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Jialin Liu ◽  
Xingpeng Zhang ◽  
Maimaiaili Yushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Fixator ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Fracture Reduction ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Electronic Prescription ◽  
Long Bone Fracture

Abstract Background: The hexapod external fixator (HEF), such as the Taylor spatial frame (TSF), offering the ability of simultaneous correction of the multidirectional deformities without frame modification, whereas there are so many parameters for surgeons to measure and subjective errors will occur inevitably. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new method based on computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and hexapod external fixator for long bone fracture reduction and deformity correction without calculating the parameters needed by the computer program.Methods: This retrospective study consists of 25 patients with high-energy tibial diaphyseal fractures treated by the HEF at our institution from January 2016 to June 2018, including 22 males and 3 females with a mean age of 42 years (range 14-63 years). Hexapod external fixator treatments were performed due to primary and definitive management of multiplanar posttraumatic deformity and/or severe soft-tissue damage that were not suitable for internal fixation in the tibia. Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction and trajectory planning of the reduction by Mimics were applied to perform virtual fracture reduction and deformity correction. The electronic prescription derived from the length changes of the six struts were calculated by SolidWorks. Fracture reduction was conducted by adjusting the lengths of the six struts according to the electronic prescription. The standard anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays after reduction were taken to evaluate the effectiveness.Results: All patients acquired excellent functional reduction (most cases achieved anatomical reduction) in our study. The mean coronal plane translation (1.0±1.1 mm), coronal plane angulation (0.8±1.2°), sagittal plane translation (0.8±1.0 mm) and sagittal plane angulation (0.3±0.8°) after correction were all less than those (6.1±4.9 mm, 5.2±3.2°, 4.2±3.5 mm, 4.0±2.5°) before correction (P<0.05).Conclusion: The computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction and hexapod external fixator-based method allows surgeons to conduct long bone fracture reduction and deformity correction without calculating the parameters needed by the computer program. Considering the radiologic exposure, this method is suggested to apply in those unusually complex cases with extensive soft tissue damage and internal fixation is impossible or inadvisable.

Effect of Callus Ossification and Extraosseous Formation on the Mechanical Performance of Internal Fixation Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Coates ◽  
Chad Heurter ◽  
Scott Hippert
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Fixation Plate

An investigation into the effect of extraosseous formation around an internal fixation plate (long bone mid-shaft) and callus ossification on the localalized stress distribution in the periosteum is performed. An analytical model of the system is developed; predicted trends are compared with Finite Element (FE) model predictions. Both models are described and the limitations relevant to their predictions are discussed. Two load cases are examined: pure bending and bending coupled with compression. Both models indicate that the presence of the plate results in stress shielding for both load cases. For the pure bending case, the analytical model predicts that the extraosseous formation serves to reduce the level of stress shielding caused by the plate, while the FE model predicts an increase. Both models predict that the presence of callus serves to further increase stress shielding, however the magnitude of the effect of the callus on the tension side of the bone differs substantially between models. Further refinement of both models is recommended.

Comparison of Conventional and Pontic Fixed Partial Dentures Over Implants Using the Finite Element Method: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Cortical and Medullary Bone Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bighetti Toniollo ◽  
Mikaelly dos Santos Sá ◽  
Fernanda Pereira Silva ◽  
Giselle Rodrigues Reis ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Rehabilitation with implant prostheses in posterior areas requires the maximum number of possible implants due to the greater masticatory load of the region. However, the necessary minimum requirements are not always present in full. This project analyzed the minimum principal stresses (TMiP, representative of the compressive stress) to the friable structures, specifically the vestibular face of the cortical bone and the vestibular and internal/lingual face of the medullary bone. The experimental groups were as follows: the regular splinted group (GR), with a conventional infrastructure on 3 regular-length Morse taper implants (4 × 11 mm); and the regular pontic group (GP), with a pontic infrastructure on 2 regular-length Morse taper implants (4 × 11 mm). The results showed that the TMiP of the cortical and medullary bones were greater for the GP in regions surrounding the implants (especially in the cervical and apical areas of the same region) but they did not reach bone damage levels, at least under the loads applied in this study. It was concluded that greater stress observed in the GP demonstrates greater fragility with this modality of rehabilitation; this should draw the professional's attention to possible biomechanical implications. Whenever possible, professionals should give preference to use of a greater number of implants in the rehabilitation system, with a focus on preserving the supporting tissue with the generation of less intense stresses.

scholarly journals Systemic and local cardiac inflammation after experimental long bone fracture, traumatic brain injury and combined trauma in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Ina Lackner ◽  
Birte Weber ◽  
Melanie Haffner-Luntzer ◽  
Simona Hristova ◽  
Florian Gebhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
Long Bone Fracture
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