scholarly journals No evidence for a role of trills in male response to territorial intrusion in a complex singer, the Thrush Nightingale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Souriau ◽  
Radka Reifová ◽  
Adam Petrusek ◽  
Tereza Petrusková
Keyword(s):  
Male Response ◽  
Territorial Intrusion ◽  
Thrush Nightingale

Does song deter territorial intrusion in White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)?

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce Falls
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Zonotrichia Albicollis ◽  
Territorial Intrusion ◽  
And Control

The role of the song of the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) as a deterrent to potential intruders was assessed by removing territorial males of the white-striped morph and replacing them with loudspeakers playing back their songs. Following removals, intrusions of new singing birds were both delayed and fewer in inner zones of playback territories, as compared with similar areas of control territories that had no playback. In peripheral zones (outside the area defined by loudspeakers), or after playback ended (after 2 days), there were no significant differences between playback and control territories. During the playback period, intrusions were reduced within 10 m of speakers but not at greater distances. Thus, song tends to inhibit territorial intruders from singing and thereby asserts the resident male's dominance. To achieve this effect, I suggest that a resident needs to sing to some extent throughout its territory. These results are compared with those obtained in studies of the Great Tit (Parus major).

Recognition of Conspecifics and Sex By Territorial Males of the Social Wasp Polistes Fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Jeanne ◽  
David C. Post
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Orient Response ◽  
Polistes Fuscatus ◽  
Male Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Range ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Test Objects

AbstractTerritorial males of Polistes fuscatus (subspecies variatus) respond to intruders with a chain of behavior of increasing intensity as follows: (1) no reaction, (2) orient, (3) pursue, (4) grasp, and (5) either grapple (with male intruders) or attempt copulation (with females). In the laboratory test objects combining different visual, chemical, and behavioral stimuli were tethered and waved in front of perched territorial males to determine the role of each in eliciting a male response. All test objects elicited an orient response. The overall color or contrast with the background and shape of the test object had little effect on male response. The black and yellow banded coloration characteristic of conspecifics released pursuit and grasping behavior, while chemical cues in combination with the banded coloration released grasping and grappling or attempt copulation. Recognition of sex was based on chemical cues and not on the sexually dichromic coloration. From this and previous studies we conclude that the black and yellow banded coloration of conspecifics is the most important visual stimulus for long-range attraction (> 15 cm) of males, while at close-range or on contact a cuticular surface pheromone and a sex pheromone from the venom are important in the recognition of conspecifics and for discrimination between the sexes.

scholarly journals Male–male pheromone signalling in a lekking Drosophila

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1587) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Widemo ◽  
Björn G Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Male Pheromone ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Signalling System ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pheromone Signalling ◽  
Drosophila Grimshawi

Interest in sex pheromones has mainly been focused on mate finding, while relatively little attention has been given to the role of sex pheromones in mate choice and almost none to competition over mates. Here, we study male response to male pheromones in the lekking Drosophila grimshawi , where males deposit long-lasting pheromone streaks that attract males and females to the leks and influence mate assessment. We used two stocks of flies and both stocks adjusted their pheromone depositing behaviour in response to experimental manipulation, strongly indicating male ability to distinguish between competitors from qualitative differences in pheromone streaks alone. This is the first example of an insect distinguishing between individual odour signatures. Pheromone signalling influenced competition over mates, as males adjusted their investment in pheromone deposition in response to foreign pheromone streaks. Both sexes adapt their behaviour according to information from olfactory cues in D. grimshawi , but the relative benefits from male–female, as compared to male–male signalling, remain unknown. It seems likely that the pheromone signalling system originally evolved for attracting females to leks. The transition to a signalling system for conveying information about individuals may well, however, at least in part have been driven by benefits from male–male signalling.

scholarly journals Role of plant volatiles and hetero-specific pheromone components in the wind tunnel response of male Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to modified sex pheromone blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ammagarahalli ◽  
L. Chianella ◽  
P. Gomes ◽  
C. Gemeno
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Pheromone Response ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Pheromone Blends ◽  
Pheromone Blend

AbstractFemale Grapholita molesta (Busck) release a pheromone blend composed of two stereoisomeric acetates (Z8-12:Ac and E8-12:Ac), which in a 100:6 ratio stimulate maximum conspecific male approach. Z8-12:OH is described as a third pheromone component that increases responses to the acetate blend. Departures from the optimal pheromone blend ratio, or too high or low pheromone doses of the optimal blend ratio, result in lower male response. In a previous study, we show that plant volatiles synergize male response to a suboptimal-low pheromone concentration. In the present study, we show that the plant blend does not synergize male response to a suboptimal-high pheromone dose. The plant blend, however, synergized male response to pheromone blends containing unnatural Z:E-acetate isomer ratios. We revisited the role of alcohols in the pheromone response of G. molesta by replacing Z8-12:OH with conspecific and heterospecific pheromone alcohols or with plant odors. Codlemone, the alcohol sex pheromone of Cydia pomonella L., E8, E10-12:OH, did supplant the role of Z8-12:OH, and so did the plant volatile blend. Dodecenol (12:OH), which has been described as a fourth pheromone component of G. molesta, also increased responses, but not as much as Z8-12:OH, codlemone or the plant blend. Our results reveal new functions for plant volatiles on moth sex pheromone response under laboratory conditions, and shed new light on the role of alcohol ingredients in the pheromone blend of G. molesta.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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