Conflicts between large carnivores and local pastoralists around Niokolo Koba National Park, Senegal

2022 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallé Gueye ◽  
Dorien Van Cauteren ◽  
Lisa Mengual ◽  
Raoul Pellaton ◽  
Herwig Leirs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Carnivores

scholarly journals Table scraps: inter-trophic food provisioning by pumas

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Elbroch ◽  
Heiko U. Wittmer
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Food Subsidies ◽  
Vultur Gryphus ◽  
Natural Communities

Large carnivores perform keystone ecological functions through direct predation, or indirectly, through food subsidies to scavengers or trophic cascades driven by their influence on the distributions of their prey. Pumas ( Puma concolor ) are an elusive, cryptic species difficult to study and little is known about their inter-trophic-level interactions in natural communities. Using new GPS technology, we discovered that pumas in Patagonia provided 232 ± 31 kg of edible meat/month/100 km 2 to near-threatened Andean condors ( Vultur gryphus ) and other members of a diverse scavenger community. This is up to 3.1 times the contributions by wolves ( Canis lupus ) to communities in Yellowstone National Park, USA, and highlights the keystone role large, solitary felids play in natural systems. These findings are more pertinent than ever, for managers increasingly advocate controlling pumas and other large felids to bolster prey populations and mitigate concerns over human and livestock safety, without a full understanding of the potential ecological consequences of their actions.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in wolf predation dynamics in the multi-prey system of northern Yellowstone National Park

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Metz ◽  
Douglas W Smith ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
Daniel R Stahler
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Prey System

Predation is a fundamental ecological process that shapes ecosystem structure and biodiversity. For large carnivores preying on large ungulates, predation dynamics are influenced by many factors, including climatic conditions, prey abundance, and prey body size. Evaluating the factors that influence how large carnivore predation varies among different-sized prey, both among and within prey species, is critical for understanding how large carnivores influence prey species population dynamics. Here, in the wolf (Canis lupus)-multi-prey system of northern Yellowstone National Park, we assess how temporal variation in prey abundance and vulnerability affect seasonal wolf predation patterns. More specifically, we characterize wolf predation patterns during four seasons of the year (early winter [mid-November to mid-December], late winter [March], spring [May], summer [June, July]) and evaluate the influence of inter-annual variation in the abundance of the two, primary, year-round ungulate prey (elk [Cervus elaphus], bison [Bison bison]) from 1995-2015. Our results highlight how the wolf-prey system of northern Yellowstone National Park has shifted from a wolf-elk system to a wolf-elk-bison system. That is, although elk are still the primary prey for wolves, the proportion of wolf kills that are elk has declined over the last twenty years. Now, bison are more commonly preyed on by wolves, and possibly most importantly, are increasingly scavenged. This change has occurred due to the decline in the northern Yellowstone elk population and concurrent increase in the northern Yellowstone bison population. Although wolf predation of bison is minimal and likely has no influence on bison population abundance, increased use of bison by wolves has a potential effect on wolf population abundance, and as a result, elk population abundance. Our results highlight the importance of considering how subsidies provided through preying on and scavenging secondary prey affect predator-primary prey dynamics.

Aggression toward Large Carnivores by Wild Chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa ◽  
Richard W. Byrne ◽  
Hiroyuki Takasaki ◽  
Jennifer M.E. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Mahale Mountains ◽  
Mahale Mountains National Park

scholarly journals Human disturbance affects habitat use and behaviour of Asiatic leopard Panthera pardus in Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusit Ngoprasert ◽  
Antony J. Lynam ◽  
George A. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Access Road

AbstractEdge effects arising from road construction and other development in protected areas can negatively affect the behaviour of wildlife, particularly large carnivores. The Asiatic leopard Panthera pardus is a large carnivore that may be sensitive to edge effects. Camera trapping was used to assess the influence of human disturbance along forest edges on leopard behaviour and habitat use in a 104 km2 area of Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand. A minimum of four male and two female leopards was recorded in the study area. A Park access road bisecting the study area was not a barrier to leopard movement but movements and activity were affected by human traffic inside the Park. A regression model showed that leopard habitat use increased with distance from human settlements at the forest edge. As in other parts of its range, leopards at Kaeng Krachan National Park tended to show less diurnal activity in areas more heavily used by people compared to areas less used. As is the case with tigers, such responses may pose a threat to leopard population persistence but more research is needed to determine the demographic implications of edge effects for Asiatic leopards and other large tropical carnivores, and the appropriate mitigation strategies required.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in wolf predation dynamics in the multi-prey system of northern Yellowstone National Park

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Metz ◽  
Douglas W Smith ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
Daniel R Stahler
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Prey System

Predation is a fundamental ecological process that shapes ecosystem structure and biodiversity. For large carnivores preying on large ungulates, predation dynamics are influenced by many factors, including climatic conditions, prey abundance, and prey body size. Evaluating the factors that influence how large carnivore predation varies among different-sized prey, both among and within prey species, is critical for understanding how large carnivores influence prey species population dynamics. Here, in the wolf (Canis lupus)-multi-prey system of northern Yellowstone National Park, we assess how temporal variation in prey abundance and vulnerability affect seasonal wolf predation patterns. More specifically, we characterize wolf predation patterns during four seasons of the year (early winter [mid-November to mid-December], late winter [March], spring [May], summer [June, July]) and evaluate the influence of inter-annual variation in the abundance of the two, primary, year-round ungulate prey (elk [Cervus elaphus], bison [Bison bison]) from 1995-2015. Our results highlight how the wolf-prey system of northern Yellowstone National Park has shifted from a wolf-elk system to a wolf-elk-bison system. That is, although elk are still the primary prey for wolves, the proportion of wolf kills that are elk has declined over the last twenty years. Now, bison are more commonly preyed on by wolves, and possibly most importantly, are increasingly scavenged. This change has occurred due to the decline in the northern Yellowstone elk population and concurrent increase in the northern Yellowstone bison population. Although wolf predation of bison is minimal and likely has no influence on bison population abundance, increased use of bison by wolves has a potential effect on wolf population abundance, and as a result, elk population abundance. Our results highlight the importance of considering how subsidies provided through preying on and scavenging secondary prey affect predator-primary prey dynamics.

scholarly journals Contrasting responses of large carnivores to land use management across an Asian montane landscape in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mohammadi ◽  
Christopher Lunnon ◽  
Remington J. Moll ◽  
Cedric Kai Wei Tan ◽  
Kaveh Hobeali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Land Sparing

AbstractLand-use change has led to substantial range contractions for many species. Such contractions are particularly acute for wide-ranging large carnivores in Asia’s high altitude areas, which are marked by high spatiotemporal variability in resources. Current conservation planning for human-dominated landscapes often takes one of two main approaches: a “coexistence” (land sharing) approach or a “separation” (land sparing) approach. In this study, we evaluated the effects of land-use management on a guild of large carnivores in a montane ecosystem located in northeastern Iran. We used interview surveys to collect data on Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor and grey wolf Canis lupus and modeled the areas occupied by these species in a Bayesian framework. After accounting for imperfect detection, we found that wolves had a higher probability of occupying the study area than leopards (82%; 95% CI 73–90% vs. 63%; 95% CI 53–73%). Importantly, each predator showed contrasting response to land-use management. National Parks (i.e. human-free areas) had a positive association with leopard occupancy (αNational Park = 2.56, 95% CI 0.22–5.77), in contrast to wolves, which displayed a negative association with National Parks (αNational Park = − 1.62, 95% CI − 2.29 to 0.31). An opposite pattern was observed for human-dominated areas (i.e. Protected Areas and Communal Lands), where occupancy was higher for wolves but lower for leopards. Our study suggests that to protect these large carnivores, a combination of land sharing and land sparing approaches is desirable within Iran montane landscapes. Any recovery program for big cats in Iranian mountains, and likely similar mountainous landscapes in west Asia, should take into account other sympatric carnivores and how they can affect adjacent human communities. For example, conflict mitigation and compensation efforts are required to include the guild of large carnivores, instead of solely targeting the charismatic big cats.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of snow leopard Panthera uncia, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and livestock: potential relationships and effects

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rovero ◽  
Claudio Augugliaro ◽  
Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller ◽  
Claudio Groff ◽  
Fridolin Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Wild Ungulate ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Snow Leopards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panthera Uncia

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of livestock on native wildlife is of increasing conservation relevance. For the Vulnerable snow leopard Panthera uncia, wild prey reduction, intensifying human–wildlife conflicts and retaliatory killings are severe threats potentially exacerbated by the presence of livestock. Elucidating patterns of co-occurrence of snow leopards, wild ungulate prey, and livestock, can be used to assess the compatibility of pastoralism with conservation. We used camera trapping to study the interactions of livestock, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and snow leopards in a national park in the Altai mountains, Mongolia. We obtained 494 detections of wild mammals and 912 of domestic ungulates, dogs and humans. Snow leopards and Siberian ibex were recorded 14 and 33 times, respectively. Co-occurrence modelling showed that livestock had a higher estimated occupancy (0.65) than ibex, whose occupancy was lower in the presence of livestock (0.11) than in its absence (0.34–0.35 depending on scenarios modelled). Snow leopard occupancy did not appear to be affected by the presence of livestock or ibex but the robustness of such inference was limited by uncertainty around the estimates. Although our sampling at presumed snow leopard passing sites may have led to fewer ibex detections, results indicate that livestock may displace wild ungulates, but may not directly affect the occurrence of snow leopards. Snow leopards could still be threatened by livestock, as overstocking can trigger human–carnivore conflicts and hamper the conservation of large carnivores. Further research is needed to assess the generality and strength of our results.

scholarly journals Catch me if you can: Species interactions and moon illumination effect on mammals of tropical semi-evergreen forest of Manas National Park, Assam, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.M. Bhatt ◽  
B. Habib ◽  
H.K. Sarma ◽  
S.L. Lyngdoh
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Temporal Overlap

AbstractSpecies interaction plays a vital role in structuring communities by stimulating behavioral responses in temporal niche affecting the sympatric associations and prey-predator relationships. We studied relative abundance indices (RAI) and activity patterns of each species, temporal overlap between sympatric species, and effects of moon cycle on predator-prey relationships, through camera-trapping in tropical semi-evergreen forests of Manas National Park. A total of 35 species were photo-captured with 16214 independent records over 7337 trap nights. Overall, relatively high number of photographs was obtained for large herbivores (11 species, n=13669), and low number of photographs were recorded for large carnivores (five species, n=657). Activity periods were classified into four categories: diurnal (day-time), nocturnal (night-time), crepuscular (twilight), and cathemeral (day and night time) of which 52% records were found in diurnal period followed by 37% in nocturnal phase whereas only 11% photographs during twilight. Small carnivores were strictly nocturnal (leopard cat and civets) or diurnal (yellow-throated marten and mongooses); whereas large carnivores were cathemeral (tiger, leopard, clouded leopard and Asiatic black bear). Analysis of activity patterns throughout the 24-h cycle revealed a high degree of temporal overlap (>60%) among most of the sympatric species; however, differences in the activity peaks were found between most of the species pairs. Moon phase was classified according to the percentage of visible moon surface as new (0-25%), waxing (25-50%), waning (50-75%) and full moon (75-100%). Moon phase did not have any correlation with activity of large carnivore and large prey. The large carnivore followed the feed and starve pattern of cyclic activity. The activity of small carnivore was influenced negatively by moonlight (partial correlation r = −0.221, p<0.01). The result suggests that large carnivores were active non-differentially across moon phases; however, small carnivores showed significantly high activity in darker nights. These patterns indicate that small predators may differ their activity temporally as an anti-predator strategy or otherwise to increase their foraging efficiency.

scholarly journals Mammalian fauna of Rajaji National Park, India: a review on ecological observations and checklist

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Ritesh Joshi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Field Surveys

Rajaji National Park, in the Gangetic Plains biogeographic zone, has a diverse and biogeographically important mammalian assemblage. In the recent past, several studies on the herbivores, large carnivores and mega-herbivores have been carried out, but limited work has been done on the distribution of mammals in the park. This study illustrates the ecological observations and review of the mammals of the Rajaji National Park, based on field surveys, carried out during 2006–2008, using direct and indirect sampling methods. A total of 44 mammal species, belonging to nine orders and 20 families were recorded, which included one insectivore, six chiropterans, two primates, one pholidotan, 16 carnivores, one proboscidean, six artiodactylians, one lagomorph and 10 rodents. Of these, seven are classified as Endangered/Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; however, three species are Near Threatened, a lower risk category.

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