Rock slide–debris avalanches: flow transformation and hummock formation, examples from British Columbia

Landslides ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dufresne ◽  
M. Geertsema
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
Slide Debris

The Zymoetz River landslide, British Columbia, Canada: description and dynamic analysis of a rock slide–debris flow

Landslides ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott McDougall ◽  
Nichole Boultbee ◽  
Oldrich Hungr ◽  
Doug Stead ◽  
James W. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
Slide Debris

Recent Colonization of a Major Salmon-Producing Lake in British Columbia by Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. Farlinger ◽  
Richard J. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Nursery Area ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
Natural Lake ◽  
Lampetra Tridentata

Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) were first observed in Babine Lake, the largest natural lake wholly contained in British Columbia, in 1963 and are currently found along approximately 15% of the length of the lake near the outlet. The number of spawning adults in 1982 was estimated to be 7281. Since Babine Lake is a major nursery area for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the colonization of this lake by a parasitic lamprey is of concern, particularly if the species can become nonanadromous. The colonization may be beneficial if a commercial fishery can be sustained and if the species does not begin to feed in freshwater. The reason for the recent colonization is unknown but it coincides with increased human manipulation of fishes and habitat, including the removal of a major rock slide, 65 km downstream of the lake.

Prehistoric debris avalanches from Mount Cayley volcano, British Columbia

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Evans ◽  
G. R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
Western Flank ◽  
Historic Time ◽  
Volcanic Debris ◽  
Upper Slope

An investigation of diamicton units exposed in an extensive accumulation of volcanic debris in the Squamish valley, west of Mount Cayley volcano, has yielded evidence for at least three major debris avalanches, initiated by the collapse of the western flank of Mount Cayley in the mid-Holocene. Radiocarbon ages obtained from tree fragments contained in the deposits indicate that the events took place at 4800, 1100, and 500 BP. All three debris avalanches dammed the Squamish River and formed temporary lakes upstream of the debris. Failure of the cone took place after considerable dissection of the original edifice had exposed weak pyroclastic materials at the base of the steep upper slope of the volcano. No evidence of older debris avalanches from Mount Cayley has been discovered. Smaller scale debris avalanches probably have been common, and at least two have occurred in historic time (1963 and 1984). Debris avalanches from Mount Cayley and the effects of a possible damming of the Squamish River are major geomorphic hazards to public safety and economic development in the Squamish valley.

A debris flow triggered by the breaching of a moraine-dammed lake, Klattasine Creek, British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1492-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Clague ◽  
S. G. Evans ◽  
Iain G. Blown
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediment ◽  
Sudden Release ◽  
Dammed Lake ◽  
Unusual Origin

A very large debris flow of unusual origin occurred in the basin of Klattasine Creek (southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia) between June 1971 and September 1973. The flow was triggered by the sudden release of up to 1.7 × 106 m3 of water from a moraine-dammed lake at the head of a tributary of Klattasine Creek. Water escaping from the lake mobilized large quantities of unconsolidated sediment in the valley below and thus produced a debris flow that travelled in one or, more likely, several surges 8 km downvalley on an average gradient of 10° to the mouth of the stream. Here, the flow deposited a sheet of coarse bouldery debris up to about 20 m thick, which temporarily blocked Homathko River. Slumps, slides, and debris avalanches occurred on the walls of the valley both during and in years following the debris flow. Several secondary debris flows of relatively small size have swept down Klattasine Creek in the 12–14 years since Klattasine Lake drained.

The 17 February 2006 rock slide-debris avalanche at Guinsaugon Philippines: a synthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Guthrie ◽  
Stephen G. Evans ◽  
Sandra G. Catane ◽  
Mark A. H. Zarco ◽  
Ricarido M. Saturay
Keyword(s):  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
Slide Debris

Urban landslides in the vicinity of Vancouver, British Columbia, with special reference to the December 1979 rainstorm

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Eisbacher ◽  
J. J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Historical landslides in the urbanized Vancouver region, southwestern British Columbia, have almost commonly occurred along escarpments within and at the margins of gently rolling upland surfaces underlain by Pleistocene unconsolidated sediments. The most common and most destructive landslides are debris avalanches and debris flows. They are triggered by intense autumn and winter rainstorms, when water infiltrates and saturates the surficial layer of weathered colluvium. After failure the veneer of debris gains momentum and picks up additional soil and uprooted vegetation. Debris avalanches may temporarily block gullies swollen with runoff water, thus changing into rapidly moving debris flows.A severe rainstorm in December 1979 was accompanied by destructive debris avalanches and debris flows in urban areas in the vicinity of Vancouver. A search of local newspapers and meteorological records back to 1900 indicates that this event was not unique, for at least 26 other comparable storms have triggered landslides in the Vancouver region during this century. Thus it is likely that landslides similar to those of December 1979 will occur repeatedly in the future. The danger of such landslides to life and property will grow if potentially hazardous sites are urbanized without appropriate protective measures.

Two debris flow modes on Mount Cayley, British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Y Lu ◽  
D M Cruden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Volcanic Stratigraphy ◽  
Partially Saturated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Track ◽  
Small Tributary

The 1963 landslide on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, began at the head of Dusty Creek, a small tributary of Turbid Creek, a major creek draining Mount Cayley, and terminated at the present confluence of Dusty and Turbid creeks. About 5 × 106 m3 of partially saturated, columnar-jointed dacite and weak pyroclastic rocks moved 2.4 km downstream. The depletion zone contained three separate blocks. The landslide deposits have distinct layers that can be traced back to similar bedrock units in the undisturbed material, which are three times thicker. The accumulation zone is divided by two gullys into three blocks, which preserve, much thinned, different but overlapping portions of the volcanic stratigraphy. The 1984 rock slide on Avalache Creek, 0.8 km away, involved tuff breccia, tuff lapilli, and tuff, all easily broken. Its main track ran over thick snow and ice on the bottom of the creek. Differences in water content and displaced material led to different flow modes: the 1963 fragments formed laminar flows, which supported comparatively undeformed central plugs; the turbulent 1984 flow's deposits have no distinct layers. The two modes, laminar flow and turbulent flow, also formed different types of landslide dams. Key words: landslide, debris flow, volcano, British Columbia, tuff, lava.

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