Development of a Low-Power Instrumented Mouthpiece for Directly Measuring Head Acceleration in American Football

Although the epidemiology and mechanics of concussion in sports have been investigated for many years, the biomechanical factors that contribute to mild traumatic brain injury remain unclear because of the difficulties in measuring impact events in the field. The purpose of this study was to validate an instrumented boxing headgear (IBH) that can be used to measure impact severity and location during play. The instrumented boxing headgear data were processed to determine linear and rotational acceleration at the head center of gravity, impact location, and impact severity metrics, such as the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Gadd Severity Index (GSI). The instrumented boxing headgear was fitted to a Hybrid III (HIII) head form and impacted with a weighted pendulum to characterize accuracy and repeatability. Fifty-six impacts over 3 speeds and 5 locations were used to simulate blows most commonly observed in boxing. A high correlation between the HIII and instrumented boxing headgear was established for peak linear and rotational acceleration (r2= 0.91), HIC (r2= 0.88), and GSI (r2= 0.89). Mean location error was 9.7 ± 5.2°. Based on this study, the IBH is a valid system for measuring head acceleration and impact location that can be integrated into training and competition.

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An Algorithm for Estimating Acceleration Magnitude and Impact Location Using Multiple Nonorthogonal Single-Axis Accelerometers

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1824135 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 126 (6) ◽

pp. 849-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Joseph J. Crisco ◽

Jeffrey J. Chu ◽

Richard M. Greenwald

Keyword(s):

Large Population ◽

Linear Acceleration ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Head Acceleration ◽

Measuring Head ◽

Contact Sports ◽

Population Sampling ◽

Impact Location ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Low Incidence

Accelerations of the head are the likely cause of concussion injury, but identifying the specific etiology of concussion has been difficult due to the lack of a valid animal or computer model. Contact sports, in which concussions are a rising health care concern, offer a unique research laboratory environment. However, measuring head acceleration in the field has many challenges including the need for large population sampling because of the relatively low incidence of concussions. We report a novel approach for calculating linear acceleration that can be incorporated into a head-mounted system for on-field use during contact sports. The advantages of this approach include the use of single-axis linear accelerometers, which reduce costs, and a nonorthogonal arrangement of the accelerometers, which simplifies the design criteria for a head-mounted and helmet compatible system. The purpose of this study was to describe the algorithm and evaluate its accuracy for measuring linear acceleration magnitude and impact location using computer simulation and experimental tests with various accelerometer configurations. A 10% error in magnitude and a 10 deg error in impact location were achieved using as few as six single-axis accelerometers mounted on a hemispherical headform.

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Analysis of head acceleration events in collegiate-level American football: A combination of qualitative video analysis and in-vivo head kinematic measurement

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109969 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. 109969 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gregory J. Tierney ◽

Calvin Kuo ◽

Lyndia Wu ◽

Dan Weaving ◽

David Camarillo

Keyword(s):

Video Analysis ◽

American Football ◽

Head Acceleration ◽

Kinematic Measurement ◽

Collegiate Level

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Ultra Low Power Bioelectronics

10.1017/cbo9780511841446 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 187

Author(s):

Rahul Sarpeshkar

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Ultra Low Power

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Less Power, Greater Conflict

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000327 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 47-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petra C. Schmid

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

High Power ◽

Goal Pursuit ◽

Goal Conflict ◽

Personal Goals ◽

Multiple Goals ◽

Objective Performance ◽

The Future ◽

The Way

Abstract. Power facilitates goal pursuit, but how does power affect the way people respond to conflict between their multiple goals? Our results showed that higher trait power was associated with reduced experience of conflict in scenarios describing multiple goals (Study 1) and between personal goals (Study 2). Moreover, manipulated low power increased individuals’ experience of goal conflict relative to high power and a control condition (Studies 3 and 4), with the consequence that they planned to invest less into the pursuit of their goals in the future. With its focus on multiple goals and individuals’ experiences during goal pursuit rather than objective performance, the present research uses new angles to examine power effects on goal pursuit.

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