Sphagnum physiological responses to elevated temperature, nitrogen, CO2 and low moisture in laboratory and in situ microhabitats: a review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Chiapusio ◽  
Philippe Binet ◽  
Coralie Bertheau ◽  
Pierrick Priault
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses

scholarly journals Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Kevin Scott ◽  
Petra Harsanyi ◽  
Blair A. A. Easton ◽  
Althea J. R. Piper ◽  
Corentine M. V. Rochas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Total Haemocyte Count

The current study investigated the effects of different strength Electromagnetic Field (EMF) exposure (250 µT, 500 µT, 1000 µT) on the commercially important decapod, edible crab (Cancer pagurus, Linnaeus, 1758). Stress related parameters were measured (l-Lactate, d-Glucose, Total Haemocyte Count (THC)) in addition to behavioural and response parameters (shelter preference and time spent resting/roaming) over 24 h periods. EMF strengths of 250 µT were found to have limited physiological and behavioural impacts. Exposure to 500 µT and 1000 µT were found to disrupt the l-Lactate and d-Glucose circadian rhythm and alter THC. Crabs showed a clear attraction to EMF exposed (500 µT and 1000 µT) shelters with a significant reduction in time spent roaming. Consequently, EMF emitted from MREDs will likely affect crabs in a strength-dependent manner thus highlighting the need for reliable in-situ measurements. This information is essential for policy making, environmental assessments, and in understanding the impacts of increased anthropogenic EMF on marine organisms.

In situ time-resolved DXAFS study of Rh nanoparticle formation mechanism in ethylene glycol at elevated temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Asakura ◽  
Kentaro Teramura ◽  
Tetsuya Shishido ◽  
Tsunehiro Tanaka ◽  
Ning Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation

In-situ elevated-temperature TEM study of (AgSbTe2)15(GeTe)85

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (18) ◽  
pp. 7643-7646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Cook ◽  
Xuezheng Wei ◽  
Joel L. Harringa ◽  
Matthew J. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature

Enhancement of the microstructure and elevated temperature mechanical properties of as-cast Mg‑Al2Ca‑Mg2Ca in-situ composite by hot extrusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khorasani ◽  
M. Emamy ◽  
M. Malekan ◽  
H. Mirzadeh ◽  
B. Pourbahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
In Situ Composite

scholarly journals Experimentation and Adaptive Modeling for Temperature Effect Quantification in PVP Structural Health Monitoring With PWAS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncay Kamas ◽  
Banibrata Poddar ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Lingyu Yu ◽  
Victor Giurgiutiu
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Structural Health

The thermal effects at elevated temperatures mostly exist for pressure vessel and pipe (PVP) applications. The technologies for diagnosis and prognosis of PVP systems need to take the thermal effect into account and compensate it on sensing and monitoring of PVP structures. One of the extensively employed sensor technologies has been permanently installed piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) for in-situ continuous structural health monitoring (SHM). Using the transduction of ultrasonic elastic waves into voltage and vice versa, PWAS has been emerged as one of the major SHM sensing technologies. However, the dynamic characteristics of PWAS need to be explored prior its installation for in-situ SHM. Electro-mechanical impedance spectroscopy (EMIS) method has been utilized as a dynamic descriptor of PWAS and as a high frequency local modal sensing technique by applying standing waves to indicate the response of the PWAS resonator by determining the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies. Another SHM technology utilizing PWAS is guided wave propagation (GWP) as a far-field transient sensing technique by transducing the traveling guided ultrasonic waves (GUW) into substrate structure. The paper first presents EMIS method that qualifies and quantifies circular PWAS resonators under traction-free boundary condition and in an ambience with increasing temperature. The piezoelectric material degradation was investigated by introducing the temperature effects on the material parameters that are obtained from experimental observations as well as from related work in literature. GWP technique is also presented by inclusion of the thermal effects on the substrate material. The MATLAB GUI under the name of Wave Form Revealer (WFR) was adapted for prediction of the thermal effects on coupled guided waves and dynamic structural change in the substrate material at elevated temperature. The WFR software allows for the analysis of multimodal guided waves in the structure with affected material parameters in an ambience with elevated temperature.

Observations of Magnetic Domain Structure Change in Nd2Fe14B Magnets at Elevated Temperature with External Magnetic Field by Lorentz Microscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1754 ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimasa Suzuki ◽  
Koichi Kawahara ◽  
Haruka Tanaka ◽  
Kimihiro Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Wall Motion ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Domain Wall Motion ◽  
Magnetic Domain Wall ◽  
Lorentz Microscopy ◽  
Pinning Effect ◽  
In Situ Observations

ABSTRACTIn this study, we conducted the in-situ observations of the magnetic domain structure change in Nd2Fe14B magnets at elevated temperature by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) / Lorentz microscopy. The in-situ observations in Nd2Fe14B magnets revealed that the magnetization reversal easily occurred at the elevated temperature. At more than 180°C, the magnetic domain wall motion could be observed by applying the magnetic field of less than 20 mT. The motion of the magnetic domain wall was discontinuous and the domain wall jumped to one grain boundary to the neighboring grain boundary at 180°C. On the other hand, the continuous domain wall motion within grain interior as well as discontinuous domain wall motion was observed at 225°C, and some grain boundaries showed still strong pinning effect even at 225°C. The temperature dependence of the pinning effect of grain boundaries would not uniform.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Tribological Properties of a Cobalt-Free Superaustenitic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperature

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Frederic van gen Hassend ◽  
Sebastian Weber
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Superaustenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Hot Hardness

The properties of a cobalt-free cast superaustenitic stainless steel (SASS) is investigated comparatively to the commercial high-cobalt alloyed GX15CrNiCo21-20-20 (1.4957, N-155) steel regarding its global hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperature by means of in situ hot hardness tests and cyclic abrasive sliding wear tests against an Al2O3 (corundum) counter-body at 600 °C. In the aged condition, results show that the 1.4957 steel suffers a higher material loss due to brittle failure initiated by coarse eutectic Cr-rich carbides which are incorporated into a mechanically mixed layer during abrasive loading. In contrast, within the Co-free steel eutectic M6(C,N) carbonitrides are distributed more homogeneously showing less tendency to form network structures. Due to the combination of primary Nb-rich globular-blocky MX-type carbonitrides and eutectic M6(C,N) carbonitrides dispersed within an Laves phase strengthened austenitic matrix, this steel provides comparable hardness and significantly improved wear resistance at elevated temperature. Thus, it may be an adequate alternative material to commercial SASS and offers the possibility to save cobalt for future applications.

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