Harvest date affects colour and soluble solids concentrations (SSC) of Uapaca kirkiana (Muell. Arg.) fruits from natural woodlands

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa ’Hayward’ (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson) were harvested periodically from 10 Oct. to 21 Dec, 1990 to monitor "on-the-vine" ripening in three environments (field; greenhouse, covered for the full season; greenhouse, covered until pollination and then uncovered). Fruits were also placed in 1 °C, 97% RH storage on 19 Oct., 22 Oct., 25 Oct., and 3 Nov. and sampled periodically to monitor their "in storage" ripening. Field-grown fruit remained firmer than greenhouse-grown fruit (both treatments) on the vine, and in storage for about 7 weeks following harvest. There was little difference in the harvest maturity date of fruits from the three growing environments. In storage, fruits showed no differences in soluble solids content (SSC), and tissue deterioration (as measured with firmness and chlorophyll fluorescence) due to growing environments. The peak SSC values attained by fruits harvested prior to reaching a SSC of 6.2% were significantly lower than for fruits harvested after the SSC had reached or surpassed 6.2%. Later-harvested fruits remained firmer in storage than those harvested earlier. Changes in the fruits’ SSC and firmness were similar whether on the vine or in storage; however, fluorescence decline was more rapid in storage.Key words: Actinidia deliciosa, soluble solids content, fruit firmness, post harvest, chloroplast, temperature

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EFFECTS OF SUCCINIC ACID 2,2-DIMETHYL HYDRAZIDE (ALAR) AND 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID (ETHEPHON) ON ABSCISSION AND STORAGE QUALITY OF McINTOSH APPLES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps72-078 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 483-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. J. E. TESKEY ◽

K. L. PRIEST ◽

E. C. LOUGHEED

Keyword(s):

Succinic Acid ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Acidity ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Storage Quality ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Disorders

McIntosh apples that had been sprayed at the end of July with Alar as recommended commercially for preharvest drop control, were later treated with ethephon at 400 and 800 mg/liter, 6 and 3 days before optimum harvest date. Results were compared with untreated fruit and with fruit from trees sprayed with Alar alone. Measurements were made of abscission and firmness as well as CO2 and ethylene (C2H4) evolution. Treated fruit had a respiration rate greater than that of the control at harvest time. Ethephon treatments resulted in fruit that was firmer than Alar-treated or control fruit. No differences were noted among treatments with regard to pH, total acidity, percent soluble solids, or storage disorders of the fruit.

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143 COLOR AND QUALITY OF `DELICIOUS' APPLES BY DELAYED HARVEST DATE AND CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.449b ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 449b-449

Author(s):

S.R. Drake ◽

Tom Eisele

Keyword(s):

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Red Color ◽

Solids Content ◽

Atmosphere Storage

Red color of 2 strains (`Bisbee' and `Red Chief) of `Delicious' apples was increased (25%) by a 10 day delay beyond recommended harvest date. Color of `Oregon Spur' did not change during this 10 day period. Soluble solids content and size were also increased, but firmness decreased by 12%. In 2 of 3 years, firmness at harvest was 73 N or greater in all strains and these fruit lost little firmness during 9 months of CA. Poor firmness (<63 N) at harvest resulted in fruit with unacceptable firmness (53 N) after storage regardless of harvest time or strain. Loss in fruit quality was evident after a 5 day delay in atmosphere establishment with no further loss after a 10 day delay. `Oregon Spur' had the best color regardless of harvest, followed by `Bisbee' and `Red Chief. All strains (`Oregon Spur', `Bisbee' and `Red Chief) had good quality after long term CA. Sensory panelists could not distinguish flavor differences between strains, harvest dates or delay in storage establishment.

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Potential for Increasing Southern Highbush Blueberry Flavor Acceptance by Breeding for Major Volatile Components

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.7.835 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 835-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jessica L. Gilbert ◽

Michael L. Schwieterman ◽

Thomas A. Colquhoun ◽

David G. Clark ◽

James W. Olmstead

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Southern Highbush

Previously, when selecting for flavor in the University of Florida southern highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L. hybrids) breeding program, sugar/acid ratios and breeder preference were the only factors considered. A more precise method of evaluating flavor would include volatile compounds that may also contribute to the flavor experience. Therefore, volatile profiles of five SHB cultivars (Farthing, FL01-173, Scintilla, Star, and Sweetcrisp) were compared using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. All cultivars were harvested on four separate dates within the harvest season, and fruit from each cultivar were also harvested at four developmental stages on the first harvest date. Among the cultivars, soluble solids content and volatile production tended to increase with fruit maturity, whereas titratable acidity decreased. All volatile components were more variable than measures of sugars and acids during the harvest season. Many of the volatiles present varied significantly between harvest dates, resulting in significant genotype × environment interactions during the harvest season. A closer examination of linalool, trans-2-hexenol, trans-2-hexenal, hexanal, and 1-penten-3-ol, five volatile compounds commonly associated with blueberry flavor, showed cultivar, developmental stage, and harvest date differences for each volatile. ‘Star’ experienced the least variation through the harvest period.

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Rapid Field Assay for Pineapple Fruit Acidity

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04664-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 593-596

Author(s):

Robert E. Paull ◽

Gail Uruu ◽

Nancy Jung Chen

Keyword(s):

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Pineapple Fruit ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Major Acid

The sugar-to-acid ratio of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) contributes toward giving the fruit its unique flavor. This ratio is an important indicator of both commercial and organoleptic ripeness, and it is useful in determining a harvest date. Citric acid is the major acid in pineapple and usually is determined by titration to a specific pH endpoint, while sugars are determined as total soluble solids by refractometry. Both acid and sugar levels vary with the season in the year-round production cycle. Acid titration is slow and difficult to perform in the field. A digital acidity meter based upon diluted juice conductivity was evaluated for potential field use. The readings obtained from the meter varied with clone and fruit potassium concentration. The meter had utility for field use to evaluate fruit quality and harvest date. Because fruit potassium levels can vary between harvests, the meter should be recalibrated on a regular schedule to adjust for potential crop management and seasonal effects.

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AVG Effects on Preharvest Apple Fruit Drop and Maturity in Virginia

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.694f ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 694f-695

Author(s):

Ross E. Byers

Keyword(s):

Apple Fruit ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Color Development ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Red Color ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Standard Rate

AVG applied 2 to 6 weeks before the optimum harvest date for several cultivars dramatically reduced pre-harvest fruit drop. The loss of fruit firmness and starch loss after the optimum harvest date was reduced by AVG sprays. The development of watercore in `Starkrimson Delicious' and `York' and maturity cracking in `Rome' and `Golden Delicious' were delayed and/or prevented by AVG. Color development was slightly delayed for most red cultivars and `Golden Delicious'. Soluble solids concentration was generally unchanged. Airblast applications of 123 g·ha–1 AVG was no more effective than a standard rate of NAA (28 to 56 g·ha–1), but rates of 248 g·ha–1 AVG and above were more effective than NAA for most cultivars. When fruit were left on the tree for periods of 3 to 5 weeks after the optimum harvest date, NAA hastened the loss of fruit firmness and starch and NAA increased watercore of `Delicious' and maturity cracking of `Golden Delicious' and `Law Rome'. Soluble solids and red color were generally unaffected by NAA. Ethephon sprays hastened the rate of fruit drop. When NAA was tank mixed with ethephon, NAA delayed fruit drop caused by ethephon, but AVG did not. The use of superior oil or Regulaid surfactant did not affect NAA or AVG responses; however, the silicone surfactant Silwet L-77, in one experiment, promoted the effectiveness of AVG. Tank mixing NAA or AVG with pesticides (Guthion + Lannate + Captan) did not affect the responses of AVG or NAA on fruit drop.

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Fruit Variability and Relationships between Color at Harvest and Quality during Storage of Uapaca kirkiana (Muell. Arg.) Fruit from Natural Woodlands

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.2.352 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 352-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Irene Kadzere ◽

Chris B. Watkins ◽

Ian A. Merwin ◽

Festus K. Akinnifesi ◽

John D. K. Saka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Storage Period ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Seed Number ◽

Uapaca Kirkiana ◽

Ripe Stage ◽

Wild Loquat

The full commercial potential of wild loquat [Uapaca kirkiana (Muell. Arg.)], a fruit that is widely used for food and income in parts of Africa, is restricted by its short shelf life and variability in postharvest quality. We have evaluated within and among tree variability in fruit size and color at harvest, and changes of color, soluble solids concentrations (SSC) and pulp deterioration during storage, of fruit harvested during the maturation period. The relationships between fruit shape, size, seed number and SSC of fruit harvested at the ripe stage of maturity was also assessed. Size and color of fruit within and among trees at harvest varied greatly within the same location on the same harvest date. The a* values (redness) were more variable than for other color attributes, reflecting a range of fruit colors from greenish to brown. During a 6 day storage period, fruit color lightness and yellowness decreased, while redness increased, and variation in color attributes decreased. Although fruit color intensified during storage, the SSC of fruit after ripening was linked more with fruit color at harvest, with mean concentrations ranging from 6.7% to 13.8% among trees. When fruit were harvested four weeks later and categorized by color at harvest, SSC varied from 11.8% in greenish-yellow fruit to 14.5% in browner fruit. Pulp deterioration of stored fruit harvested unripe was observed by 6 days. The SSC of fruit harvested when ripe was not significantly correlated with shape, size or seed number. These observations have important implications for germplasm selection and collection of U. kirkiana for domestication purposes. Timing of harvest and/or postharvest sorting of fruit is likely to reduce variability in SSC during the postharvest period.

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