Synthesis and Metabolism of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Chicken Embryos and in the Blood of Adult Chicken

The injection or transplantation of certain adult chicken cells into chicken embryos is known to cause a gross enlargement of the spleen and may often have fatal consequences. The enlargement produced by transplantation of adult spleen cells on to the chorioallantois has been studied by Danchakoff (1916) and by Ebert (1951, 1954). The same effect is produced by the intravenous injection of circulating white blood-cells from adult chickens (Simonsen, 1957; Terasaki, Cannon, & Longmire, 1959). The evidence of Billingham & Brent (1957, 1959), who have studied a similar phenomenon (‘runt disease’) in mice, and of Cock & Simonsen (1958) in chicks, indicates that these effects are due to the grafted adult cells reacting immunologically against the antigens of the helpless host. This type of reaction has been called the ‘graft-versus-host’ or graft against host reaction.

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Calcium-binding proteins, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and GABA help to distinguish different pallial areas in the developing and adult chicken. I. Hippocampal formation and hyperpallium

The Journal of Comparative Neurology ◽

10.1002/cne.21004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 497 (5) ◽

pp. 751-771 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Juan Suárez ◽

José Carlos Dávila ◽

M. ángeles Real ◽

Salvador Guirado ◽

Loreta Medina

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Binding Proteins ◽

Hippocampal Formation ◽

Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Calcium Binding Proteins ◽

Adult Chicken ◽

Oxide Synthase

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Ectoderm membrane rafts regulate constituent nitric oxide synthases for myotome formation in chicken embryos

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.242 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 331 (2) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Seung Jong Lee ◽

Robert Field ◽

Wilfred Denetclaw

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthases ◽

Membrane Rafts ◽

Chicken Embryos

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Differentiation of troponin in cardiac and skeletal muscles in chicken embryos as studied by immunofluorescence microscopy.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.91.2.497 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

N Toyota ◽

Y Shimada

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cardiac Muscle ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Antigenic Determinants ◽

Adult Chicken ◽

Chicken Embryos ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽

Specific Proteins

The differentiation of troponin (TN) in cardiac and skeletal muscles of chicken embryos was studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Serial sections of embryos were stained with antibodies specific to TN components (TN-T, -I, and -C) from adult chicken cardiac and skeletal muscles. Cardiac muscle began to be stained with antibodies raised against cardiac TN components in embryos after stage 10 (Hamburger and Hamilton numbering, 1951, J. Morphol. 88:49-92). It reacted also with antiskeletal TN-I from stage 10 to hatching. Skeletal muscle was stained with antibodies raised against skeletal TN components after stage 14. It also reacted with anticardiac TN-T and C from stage C from stage 14 to hatching. It is concluded that, during embryonic development, cardiac muscle synthesizes TN-T and C that possess cardiac-type antigenicity and TN-I that has antigenic determinants similar to those present in cardiac as well as in skeletal muscles. Embryonic skeletal muscle synthesizes TN-I that possesses antigenicity for skeletal muscle and TN-T and C which share the antigenicities for both cardiac and skeletal muscles. Thus, in the development of cardiac and skeletal muscles, a process occurs in which the fiber changes its genomic programming: it ceases synthesis of the TN components that are immunologically indistinguishable from one another and synthesizes only tissue-type specific proteins after hatching.

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Localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the normal and failing human atrial myocardium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166397 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 786-787

Author(s):

Chi-Ming Wei ◽

Margarita Bracamonte ◽

Shi-Wen Jiang ◽

Richard C. Daly ◽

Christopher G.A. McGregor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Cardiac Tissues ◽

Mammalian Tissues ◽

End Stage Heart Failure ◽

End Stage ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endothelium-derived relaxing factor which also may modulate cardiomyocyte inotropism and growth via increasing cGMP. While endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) isoforms have been detected in non-human mammalian tissues, expression and localization of eNOS in the normal and failing human myocardium are poorly defined. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate eNOS in human cardiac tissues in the presence and absence of congestive heart failure (CHF).Normal and failing atrial tissue were obtained from six cardiac donors and six end-stage heart failure patients undergoing primary cardiac transplantation. ENOS protein expression and localization was investigated utilizing Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining with the polyclonal rabbit antibody to eNOS (Transduction Laboratories, Lexington, Kentucky).

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