The biotic resistance role of fish predation in fouling communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3223-3237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pioli Kremer ◽  
Rosana Moreira da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Fouling Communities

Effects of fish predation in erosional and depositional habitats in a temperate stream

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Predation Effects ◽  
Temperate Stream

Combined effects of predation by benthic and drift-foraging fish (prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) and coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch) parr) on benthic invertebrate community and trophic structure were evaluated in Mayfly Creek, a previously fishless stream in the Coast Range Mountains of British Columbia. The role of microhabitat (substrate) in mediating predation effects was assessed by comparing invertebrate community structure on unglazed ceramic tiles and gravel baskets nested within enclosures. The role of macrohabitat was evaluated by placing enclosures in pool and riffle habitats. Effects of fish predation were most pronounced on tile substrate and in riffle habitat and least pronounced on gravel substrate in pool habitat. The presence of fish caused a decrease in abundance of larger-bodied herbivores (primarily the mayflies Ameletus and Baetis) and had positive indirect effects on algae and smaller invertebrates (primarily Orthocladiinae chironomids and nemourid stoneflies), probably through competitive release. In contrast with herbivores, detritivorous invertebrates were less influenced by fish predation and more highly correlated with the abundance of organic detritus. The distribution and abundance of detritivores in Mayfly Creek appear to be primarily influenced by bottom-up forces (implying resource limitation), while grazers in algal-based food chains are more strongly influenced by top-down effects (fish predation).

scholarly journals The role of marinas in the establishment and spread of non-indigenous species in Baltic Sea fouling communities

Biofouling ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Okko Outinen ◽  
Riikka Puntila-Dodd ◽  
Ieva Barda ◽  
Radosław Brzana ◽  
Joanna Hegele-Drywa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Fouling Communities ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

Species Replacements among Orconectes Crayfishes in Wisconsin Lakes: The Role of Predation by Fish

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1484-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy T. DiDonato ◽  
David M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Species Replacements

To test the role of size- and species-selective predation by fishes in species replacements among congeneric crayfishes in northern Wisconsin lakes, we tethered the same three sizes of each of three species of Orconectes at six sites in the littoral zone of Trout Lake, Vilas County, Wise. Small crayfish (15–18 mm carapace length) were removed by fish at significantly higher rates than medium (23–25 mm) and large (33–35 mm) crayfish. Orconectes virilis was removed at significantly higher rates than O. propinquus and O. rusticus. These species-selection results suggest that predation by native fishes contributes to the previously documented replacement of the native crayfish O. virilis by the exotic crayfishes O. propinquus and O. rusticus. In combination with the observations of others that adult size of O. rusticus is typically larger than that of O. propinquus in northern Wisconsin lakes, our size-selection results suggest that fish predation may also hasten the ongoing replacement of O. propinquus by O. rusticus. Thus, fish predation is probably an important mechanism driving the replacement of O. virilis by O. propinquus and the replacement of both congeners by O. rusticus.

The effect of vertebrate predation on lotic macroinvertebrate communities in Québec, Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1930-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth R. Reice ◽  
Robert L. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Benthic Community Structure ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Previous Contact ◽  
Eurycea Bislineata

To test the role of vertebrate predation on benthic community structure, experiments were performed in two third-order streams in northern Québec, Canada. Predators were either enclosed in or excluded from replicate benthic cages (20 × 30 × 10 cm). Ruisseau du Cran Carré (RCC) has a normal complement of fish, while Low Hope Creek (LHC) is fishless. In June 1983, two species of fish were manipulated (one fish per cage, five replicate cages per treatment) in RCC, while the salamander Eurycea bislineata was manipulated in LHC. In August 1983, brook trout fry were manipulated in both streams. It was anticipated that the fauna in LHC, having had no previous contact with fish, would be more susceptible to fish predation than the fauna of RCC. Gut analysis revealed that fish did feed in the cages. However, neither fish predation nor salamander predation had significant effects on prey communities in either stream in June. Community parameters (species richness and diversity, and total numbers of individuals) were not influenced by the presence or absence of fish or salamanders. In August, three-quarters of the taxa were more abundant without trout than with trout. However, few individual taxa were significantly affected by the fish. This effect was similar in both streams. By enclosing fish in a fishless stream, this experiment was designed to enhance the possible effects offish predation on the lotic macrobenthic community. This work strengthens the idea that brook trout are not major structuring agents of the macrobenthic communities of small streams.

scholarly journals Species richness and interacting factors control invasibility of a marine community

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1812) ◽  
pp. 20150439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Marraffini ◽  
J. B. Geller
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Recruitment ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
Total Species

Anthropogenic vectors have moved marine species around the world leading to increased invasions and expanded species' ranges. The biotic resistance hypothesis of Elton (in The ecology of invasions by animals and plants , 1958) predicts that more diverse communities should have greater resistance to invasions, but experiments have been equivocal. We hypothesized that species richness interacts with other factors to determine experimental outcomes. We manipulated species richness, species composition (native and introduced) and availability of bare space in invertebrate assemblages in a marina in Monterey, CA. Increased species richness significantly interacted with both initial cover of native species and of all organisms to collectively decrease recruitment. Although native species decreased recruitment, introduced species had a similar effect, and we concluded that biotic resistance is conferred by total species richness. We suggest that contradictory conclusions in previous studies about the role of diversity in regulating invasions reflect uncontrolled variables in those experiments that modified the effect of species richness. Our results suggest that patches of low diversity and abundance may facilitate invasions, and that such patches, once colonized by non-indigenous species, can resist both native and non-indigenous species recruitment.

scholarly journals The role of competition and herbivory in biotic resistance against invaders: a synergistic effect

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Santamaría ◽  
Fiona Tomas ◽  
Enric Ballesteros ◽  
Juan M. Ruiz ◽  
Jaime Bernardeau‐Esteller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Biotic Resistance

scholarly journals Fish predation on corals promotes the dispersal of coral symbionts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Guillaume Bruno Grupstra ◽  
Kristen M. Rabbitt ◽  
Lauren I. Howe-Kerr ◽  
Adrienne M.S. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Stony Corals ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Reef Zone

Abstract Background: The microbiomes of foundation (habitat-forming) species such as corals and sponges underpin the biodiversity, productivity, and stability of ecosystems. Consumers shape communities of foundation species through trophic interactions, but the role of consumers in dispersing the microbiomes of such species is rarely examined. For example, stony corals rely on a nutritional symbiosis with single-celled endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae) to construct reefs. Most corals acquire Symbiodiniaceae from the environment, but the processes that make Symbiodiniaceae available for uptake are not resolved. Here, we provide the first comprehensive, reef-scale demonstration that predation by diverse coral-eating (corallivorous) fish species promotes the dispersal of Symbiodiniaceae, based on symbiont cell densities and community compositions from the feces of four obligate corallivores, three facultative corallivores, two grazer/detritivores as well as samples of reef sediment and water.Results: Obligate corallivore feces are environmental hotspots of Symbiodiniaceae cells: live symbiont cell concentrations in such feces are 5-7 orders of magnitude higher than sediment and water environmental reservoirs. Symbiodiniaceae community compositions in the feces of obligate corallivores are similar to those in two locally abundant coral genera (Pocillopora and Porites), but differ from Symbiodiniaceae communities in the feces of facultative corallivores and grazer/detritivores as well as sediment and water. Combining our data on live Symbiodiniaceae cell densities in feces with in situ observations of fish, we estimate that some obligate corallivorous fish species release over 100 million Symbiodiniaceae cells per 100 m2 of reef per day. Released corallivore feces came in direct contact with coral colonies in the fore reef zone following 91% of observed egestion events, providing a potential mechanism for the transfer of live Symbiodiniaceae cells among coral colonies. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings show that fish predation on corals may support the maintenance of coral cover on reefs in an unexpected way: through the dispersal of beneficial coral symbionts in corallivore feces. Few studies examine the processes that make symbionts available to foundation species, or how environmental reservoirs of such symbionts are replenished. This work sets the stage for parallel studies of consumer-mediated microbiome dispersal and assembly in other sessile, habitat-forming species.

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