Diversity patterns in savanna grassland communities: implications for conservation strategies in a biodiversity hotspot

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Grassland Communities

scholarly journals α- and β-Diversity Patterns of Macrophytes and Freshwater Fishes are Driven by Different Factors and Processes in Lakes of the Unexplored Southern Balkan Biodiversity Hotspot

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Anthi Oikonomou ◽  
Konstantinos Stefanidis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Disentangling the main drivers of species richness and community composition is a central theme in ecology. Freshwater biodiversity patterns have been poorly explored; yet, it has been shown that different freshwater biota have different, often contrasting responses to environmental gradients. In this study, we investigated the relative contribution of geographical and environmental (habitat-, climate- and water quality-related) factors/gradients in shaping the α- and β-diversity patterns of macrophytes and fish in sixteen natural freshwater lakes of an unexplored Balkan biodiversity hotspot, the Southern Balkan Peninsula. We employed generalized linear modeling to identify drivers of α-diversity, and generalized dissimilarity modeling to explore commonalities and dissimilarities of among-biota β-diversity. Species richness of both biota was significantly associated with lake surface area, whereas macrophytes had an inverse response to altitude, compared to fish. Both species turnover and nestedness significantly contributed to the total β-diversity of macrophytes. In contrast, species turnover was the most significant contributor to the total fish β-diversity. We found that the compositional variation of macrophytes is primarily limited by dispersal and ultimately shaped by environmental drivers, resulting in spatially structured assemblages. Fish communities were primarily shaped by altitude, highlighting the role of species sorting. We conclude that among-biota diversity patterns are shaped by different/contrasting factors, and, thus, effective/sustainable conservation strategies should encompass multiple aquatic biota.

Artisanal fisher perceptions on ghost nets in a tropical South Atlantic marine biodiversity hotspot: Challenges to traditional fishing culture and implications for conservation strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 105189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio L.V. Barbosa-Filho ◽  
Cecília Inés Seminara ◽  
Davi Castro Tavares ◽  
Salvatore Siciliano ◽  
Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Atlantic ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Artisanal Fisher ◽  
Traditional Fishing

Historical arthropod diversity patterns direct rehabilitation targets for Robben Island, South Africa, a continental island in a biodiversity hotspot

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa J. G. Cooper ◽  
Jessica du Toit ◽  
Elani Steenkamp ◽  
James S. Pryke ◽  
Francois Roets
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Arthropod Diversity ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Robben Island

scholarly journals Historical signatures in the alpha and beta diversity patterns of Atlantic Forest harvestman communities (Arachnida: Opiliones)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 631-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Nogueira ◽  
C. Bragagnolo ◽  
M.B. DaSilva ◽  
T.K. Martins ◽  
E.P. Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Compositional Changes

The integration of ecology and historical biogeography is fostering the investigation of diversity patterns. We studied alpha and beta diversity patterns of Brazilian Atlantic Forest harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) communities and related them to environmental and historical factors. Our data bank contains 508 species from 63 sites, encompassing almost the entire latitudinal range of Atlantic Forest. Alpha diversity was higher in coastal sites in the south and southeast regions and decreased in sites inland, as well as in sites in the coastal northeast region, especially in northern Bahia state. Alpha diversity was positively influenced by precipitation and altitudinal range, but the low number of species in northeastern coastal sites seems to be more related to the historical distribution of Neotropical harvestman lineages than to recent environmental factors. Geographic distance was the most influential factor for beta diversity. Compositional changes were also remarkably congruent with areas of endemism delimited for Atlantic Forest harvestmen. The percentage of protected areas for each area of endemism was very unbalanced, and Espírito Santo and Pernambuco states were the least protected areas. The turnover process observed in the compositional changes indicates that conservation strategies should include as many reserves as possible because every community presents a unique set of species.

scholarly journals Species richness and β-diversity patterns of macrolichens along elevation gradients across the Himalayan Arc

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subzar Ahmad Nanda ◽  
Manzoor-ul Haq ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
Zafar A. Reshi ◽  
Ranbeer S. Rawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Shaped Pattern ◽  
The Himalaya

AbstractUnderstanding the species richness and β-diversity patterns along elevation gradients can aid in formulating effective conservation strategies particularly in areas where local anthropogenic stresses and climate change are quite significant as in the Himalaya. Thus, we studied macrolichen richness and β-diversity along elevational gradients at three sites, namely Kashmir (2200 to 3800 m a.m.s.l), Uttarakhand (2000–3700 m a.m.s.l) and Sikkim (1700 to 4000 m a.m.s.l) which cover much of the Indian Himalayan Arc. In all, 245 macrolichen species belonging to 77 genera and 26 families were collected from the three sites. Only 11 species, 20 genera and 11 families were common among the three transects. Despite the differences in species composition, the dominant functional groups in the three sites were the same: foliose, fruticose and corticolous forms. The hump-shaped elevation pattern in species richness was exhibited by most of the lichen groups, though an inverse hump-shaped pattern was also observed in certain cases. β-diversity (βsor) based on all pairs of comparisons along an elevation gradient varied from 0.48 to 0.58 in Kashmir, 0.03 to 0.63 in Uttarakhand and 0.46 to 0.77 in Sikkim. The contribution of turnover to β-diversity was more than nestedness at all the three transects. Along elevation β-diversity and its components of turnover and nestedness varied significantly with elevation. While species turnover increased significantly along the elevation in all the three transects, nestedness decreased significantly in Kashmir and Sikkim transects but increased significantly in the Uttarakhand transect. Except for the Kashmir Himalayan elevation transect, stepwise β-diversity and its components of turnover and nestedness did not vary significantly with elevation. The present study, the first of its kind in the Himalayan region, clearly brings out that macrolichen species richness, β-diversity, and its components of turnover and nestedness vary along the elevation gradients across the Himalayan Arc. It also highlights that contribution of turnover to β-diversity is higher in comparison to nestedness at all the three transects. The variations in species richness and diversity along elevation gradients underpin the importance of considering elevational gradients in planning conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of diversity maintenance in dung beetle assemblages in a heterogeneous tropical landscape

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9860
Author(s):  
Jose D. Rivera ◽  
Benigno Gómez ◽  
Darío A. Navarrete-Gutiérrez ◽  
Lorena Ruíz-Montoya ◽  
Leonardo Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Background Anthropized landscapes play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, as they encompass about 90% of the remaining tropical forest. Effective conservation strategies require a deep understanding of how anthropic disturbances determine diversity patterns across these landscapes. Here, we evaluated how attributes and assembly mechanisms of dung beetle communities vary across the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve (REBISO) landscape. Methods Community attributes (species diversity, abundance, and biomass) were assessed at the landscape scale, using spatial windows and vegetation classes. Windows were categorized as intact, variegated, or fragmented based on their percent cover of tropical forest. The vegetation classes analyzed were tropical forest, second-growth forest, and pastures. Results We collected 15,457 individuals and 55 species. Variegated windows, tropical forests, and second-growth forests showed the highest diversity values, while the lowest values were found in intact windows and pastures. Landscape fragmentation was positively and strongly related to dung beetle diversity and negatively related to their abundance; biomass was positively associated with forest cover. Beta diversity was the primary driver of the high dung beetle diversity in the landscape analyzed. Discussion The landscape heterogeneity and its biodiversity-friendly matrix facilitate the complementarity of dung beetle assemblages in the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve. Random processes govern beta diversity patterns in intact and variegated windows. Therefore, vegetation cover in the region is sufficient to maintain a continuous flow of dung beetles between forested landscape segments. However, intense anthropic disturbances acted as deterministic environmental filters in fragmented windows and pastures sites, leading to biotic homogenization processes. Our results suggest that increasing habitat variegation in highly fragmented sites is an effective strategy to prevent or buffer homogenization processes in the REBISO landscape.

Wetland and Biodiversity Hotspot Conservation

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Vikrant Balkrishna Berde ◽  
P. Veera Bramha Chari ◽  
Chanda Vikrant Berde
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Fauna ◽  
World Conservation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Wetland conservation is aimed at protecting and preserving areas where water exists (e.g., swamps, marshes, blogs, etc.). These wetlands make up 6% of the Earth's surface. Freshwater wetlands are utilised for cultivation of paddy, for basic water needs, for fishing, as a source of food by habitat loss, one main reason being anthropogenic activities. Wetland ecosystems are a home to birds and aquatic fauna. They are the breeding and nursing grounds for these species. They are the most productive ecosystem on Earth. Apart from this, wetlands are important as they reduce the impact of floods, control pollution, and also regulate climate. On our planet, there are regions that have large number of endemic species. Most of these are heavily threatened biodiversity hotspots. Thirty-five such regions have been identified in the world. Conservation strategies need to be framed and implemented in a very effective way and with no further wastage of time before the wetlands and hotspots disappear completely.

scholarly journals Predicting Plant Diversity Patterns in Madagascar: Understanding the Effects of Climate and Land Cover Change in a Biodiversity Hotspot

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0122721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Brown ◽  
Katherine E. Parks ◽  
Colin A. Bethell ◽  
Steig E. Johnson ◽  
Mark Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Diversity Patterns

Evidence of a predation event on a tagged Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone; Pisces, Istiophoridae), inferred from pop-up satellite tagging data

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Danilo Malara ◽  
Pietro Battaglia ◽  
Pierpaolo Consoli ◽  
Erika Arcadi ◽  
Simonepietro Canese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Pelagic Species ◽  
Archival Tag ◽  
Abiotic Parameters ◽  
Predation Event ◽  
Satellite Tagging ◽  
First Time

The Strait of Messina is located at the centre of the Mediterranean Sea and is considered a biodiversity hotspot and an obligatory seasonal passage for different pelagic species such as sharks, marine mammals, and billfishes. For the first time, in the Strait of Messina, our research group tagged a Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone) using a pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT). The observation of abiotic parameters (depth, light, and temperature) recorded by the PSAT confirmed that the tagged specimen was predated after about nine hours. The tag was then regurgitated 14 days after the tag deployment date. The analysis of collected data seems to indicate that the predator may be an ectothermic shark, most likely the bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus).

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