Status of Indonesia's sovereign rights in the north natuna sea conflict area consequences of China's nine-dash line claim

The existence of sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea has begun to be disturbed since China's claim of traditional fishing rights was strengthened by the nine-dash line claim. This claim includes the North Natuna Sea area into China's territorial sea, which makes this area a conflict area. The problem in this research is the existence of traditional fishing ground rights in UNCLOS III 1982 and the impact of the nine-dash line claim on Indonesia's sovereign rights in the conflict area of ??the North Natuna Sea. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study explained that the 1982 UNCLOS III did not regulate traditional fishing ground, and the impact of the nine-dash line claim is very significant, as can be seen from the activities of Chinese fishers in the North Natuna Sea, which are supported by Chinese coast guard vessels, which have disrupted Indonesia's enjoyment of its sovereign rights. Thus, it can be concluded that the traditional fishing ground rights with the nine-dash line claim are not based on international law but are only based on China's unilateral claims and create conflicts that impact Indonesia.

Abandoned, Lost or Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) in Tuna Pole-and-Line Fisheries

The fishing industry is recognized as one of the primary sources of at-sea marine litter, largely through its contributions via abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). Individual fleet’s contributions to ALDFG vary significantly across this global industry. While much information is available for some fisheries, the rate of ALDFG remains poorly known for many techniques. In this study, we used data collected by fisheries observers onboard pole-and-line fishing vessels in the Azores (Atlantic Ocean) and the Maldives (Indian Ocean) to provide an accurate and representative estimate of ALDFG for this gear. Our analysis of 993 fishing events demonstrated ALDFG contributions much lower than have been recorded for any other commercial tuna fishing gear. Overall, we found that an angler loses some monofilament line in 1.4% (±0.2) of fishing events. This informs that for every thousand tonnes of tuna harvested using this fishing technique, 0.3 kg of nylon is entering the marine environment. Globally, we estimate that all pole-and-line fisheries together contribute to 96 kg ± 42.6 kg of ALDFG per year. These results further evidence the low environmental impact of this traditional fishing practice, as well as the need for other methods to convert to less damaging gears.

LAYOUT PLAN ANALYSIS ON URBAN PATHWAYS, NODES AND EDGES IN KUALA MUDA FISHING VILLAGE

This paper studies three urban design elements, namely pathways, nodes, and edges, in Kampung Kuala Muda, Penaga, a traditional fishing village in Penang. The case study portrays the resistance of a fishing settlement by exhibiting a unique local culture of whispering auction market that is celebrated by many, including locals and tourists. The study of the paths, edges, and nodes of the case study is carried out by applying a qualitative method and data collection through a site visit, informal interviews, and literature reviews from published journals, online news, and articles. The fishing activities heavily influence the layout setting of Kampung Kuala Muda. The urban design element is observed to be the most significant in directing the users' perspectives.

PROCESSED PRODUCT DIVERSIVATION BASED COTTLE FISH FOR COASTAL FISHING COMMUNITIES

The highest production (catching) of tuna reached 32.22% per year but the selling price of fish was very low, while the fish processing business was only in the form of wooden fish (keumamah) and smoking due to low mastery of technology and absorption of innovation. The business of processing tuna into shredded fish and fish crackers has never been carried out by the coastal fishing communities of Aceh, even though this business has the potential to be developed on a household scale. The service activity aims to provide training on processing tuna into shredded fish and fish crackers for fishing communities in coastal areas in the category of poor families. The method used is the survey method and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Demonstrations of processing tuna into shredded fish and fish crackers can open up insights and business opportunities for housewives and young fishermen in creating added value and profit for traditional fishing households as well as improving production management and marketing of competitively processed fish. This activity can foster an entrepreneurial spirit among coastal fishing communities to increase fishermen's household income.

Local Wisdom in Sustainable Management of Marine Resources: A Case Study of Coastal Communities in Bone Regency

Coastal area is an important area to be preserved. Management of coastal areas can be done starting from planning and management must be integrated with socio-cultural, environmental and economic interests. The existence of local wisdom in the community in managing, maintaining and utilizing marine resources can be a filter for modernization that can have a negative impact on social and cultural life as well as the natural environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine and examine the perspective of local wisdom of coastal communities in managing a sustainable environment. The local wisdom of the coastal community of Panyula in sustainable environmental management and is still being carried out today, namely: Mabbaca Doang (Reading Prayers), Massappa Wettu Makanja No Ritasi e' (finding a good or right time to go down to the sea), Appakeng Parewa Tasi Mari Olo (use of traditional fishing gear), and Pemmali Lao No' Ritasi'e (abstinence when going out to sea). This local wisdom has a positive influence on the management, utilization, and sustainable development of marine resources. Where the local wisdom contains the rules or norms and culture of the community that are related and useful in efforts to preserve the sustainable coastal environment.

PEMANFAATAN PARUH WAKTU MASYARAKAT PESISIR PADA MUSIM CUMI-CUMI DI KAMPUNG BINEBAS KECAMATAN TABUKAN SELATAN KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE

The squid fishery is one of the potential non-fish resources which has important economic value. Binebas village is the administrative area of ​​the South Tabukan District. This study aims to look at part-time activities of coastal communities in utilizing the catching season for squid. This research was conducted in September - October 2020 in Binebas Village, South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The method used in this research is qualitative and quantitative methods (mix methods). The coastal communities in Binebas Village take advantage of the catching season for squid. Not only fishermen, teachers, government employees, and farmers also catch squid. The traditional fishing gear used to catch squid is a squid fishing rod, which for the people of the binebas village is called Bawulu. The average catch per trip is around 300 squid. Some of the catches are sold, some are distributed to neighbors. The selling price of squid is 5 - 7 tails of IDR 20,000. Small size 10 - 15 fish Rp. 20,000, -. The sales proceeds obtained per trip are IDR 800,000 - IDR 1,000,000.

Traditional Fishing Rights for Bendega (Balinese Traditional Fisherman)

Bendega is one of the cultural heritage of Balinese ancestors is a social organization whose existence has begun to decrease. This existence is closely related to their rights and obligations as part of the main community members in the coastal areas of Bali. This study aims to determine the rights and obligations of fishermen based on applicable regulations and to find out whether these rights and obligations have gone in harmony. This study used the normative-empirical legal research method. Normatively, this study is done through literature studies and empirically conducted by distributing random questionnaires to several fishermen in Bali. Based on the analysis, the results of this study showed that some fishermen have never read Local Government Regulations of Bali Number 11 year 2017 about Bendega. Some of them feel the right to catch fish is a result of business activities in other sectors. The effectiveness of legislation has not been running optimally. The community, especially the fishermen, need re-socialization related to their knowledge of Local Government Regulations of Bali Number 11 year 2017 about Bendega, so that they can find out more about their rights and obligations as Bendega.