Abstract
Aims
We investigated the prognostic role of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and its incremental value to established risk models for predicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
Methods and results
LV-GLS was measured with vendor-independent software at a core laboratory in a cohort of 835 patients with HCM (aged 56.3 ± 12.2 years) followed-up for a median of 6.4 years. The primary endpoint was SCD events, including appropriate defibrillator therapy, within 5 years after the initial evaluation. The secondary endpoint was a composite of SCD events, heart failure admission, heart transplantation, and all-cause mortality. Twenty (2.4%) and 85 (10.2%) patients experienced the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Lower absolute LV-GLS quartiles, especially those worse than the median (−15.0%), were associated with progressively higher SCD event rates (P = 0.004). LV-GLS was associated with an increased risk for the primary endpoint, independent of the LV ejection fraction, apical aneurysm, and 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) risk score [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.28] or 2011 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk factors (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.32). LV-GLS was also associated with a higher risk for the composite secondary endpoint (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12). The addition of LV-GLS enhanced the performance of the ESC risk score (C-statistic 0.756 vs. 0.842, P = 0.007) and the 2011 ACC/AHA risk factor strategy (C-statistic 0.743 vs. 0.814, P = 0.007) for predicting SCD.
Conclusion
LV-GLS is an important prognosticator in patients with HCM and provides additional information to established risk stratification strategies for predicting SCD.
The Role of Speckle Strain Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Early Subclinical Cardiac Injury in Cancer Patients—Is There More Than Just Left Ventricle Global Longitudinal Strain?
