Teacher, Center, and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with Variations in Preschool Quality in Childcare Centers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Bayly ◽  
Karen L. Bierman ◽  
Linda Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
Preschool Quality ◽  
Teacher Center

Quantitative Methods for Measuring Neighborhood Characteristics in Neighborhood Health Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin T. Duncan ◽  
William C. Goedel ◽  
Rumi Chunara
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristic ◽  
Social Observation ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
Information Retrieval Methods ◽  
Online Sources

Research connecting neighborhoods and health has characterized neighborhood factors in multiple ways. This chapter discusses standard and emerging methods to measure and study neighborhood characteristics. In particular, this chapter provides an overview of neighborhood characteristic assessment methods, including self-report, systematic social observation, geographic information system (GIS) methods, Web-based geospatial methods, real-time geospatial methods, crowd-sourced geospatial methods, and information retrieval methods from online sources such as Instagram and Twitter. This chapter also discusses the strengths and limitations of each neighborhood characteristic assessment method (e.g., ease of administration, validity), and readers are provided with examples of each neighborhood assessment method applied in the epidemiology and population health literature.

scholarly journals Location, Location, Location: The Role of Objective Neighborhood Characteristics for Perceptions of Control

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Johanna Drewelies ◽  
Peter Eibich ◽  
Sandra Düzel ◽  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Christian Krekel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
External Control ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Report Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Control beliefs can protect against age-related declines in functioning. It is unclear whether neighborhood characteristics shape how much control people perceive over their life. This article studies associations of neighborhood characteristics with control beliefs of residents of a diverse metropolitan area (Berlin, Germany). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We combine self-report data about perceptions of control obtained from participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (<i>N</i> = 507, 60–87 years, 51% women) with multisource geo-referenced indicators of neighborhood characteristics using linear regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Findings indicate that objective neighborhood characteristics (i.e., unemployment rate) are indeed tied to perceptions of control, in particular, how much control participants feel others have over their lives. Including neighborhood characteristics in part doubled the amount of explained variance compared with a reference model covarying for demographic characteristics only (from <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.017 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for internal control beliefs; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.056 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.102 for external control beliefs in chance; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.006 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for external control beliefs in powerful others). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Findings highlight the importance of access to neighborhood resources for control beliefs across old age and can inform interventions to build up neighborhood characteristics which might be especially helpful in residential areas with high unemployment.

scholarly journals Perception of Neighborhood Characteristics During Childhood and Cognitive Health Among Older Adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
Changmin Peng ◽  
Sae Hwang Han ◽  
Jeffrey Burr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Neighborhood Environments

Abstract Neighborhood environments shape the availability of resources for social engagement and social interaction, which are associated with better health outcomes. However, these contextual factors are also considered sources of potential social distress and tension, increasing the risk of subsequent health deficits, including cognitive decline. Our understanding of the linkage between childhood neighborhood environments and cognitive functioning in later life is limited. This study employed three waves of nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015; N = 11,105) to investigate the relationship between self-reported neighborhood social cohesion during childhood (i.e., neighborhood safety, neighbors willing to help, and close-knit neighborhood) and cognitive functioning (Chinese version of TICS). We employed latent growth curve modeling to test hypotheses relating to life course models of childhood conditions and later life cognitive functioning (the long arm of childhood). The results showed that perceptions regarding the willingness of neighbors to help and close-knit neighborhood characteristics during childhood were positively associated with levels of later life cognitive function. Further, growing up in a neighborhood characterized by the willingness of neighbors to help others was negatively associated with the rate of cognitive decline, net of childhood and adulthood covariates. Self-report of neighborhood safety during childhood was unrelated to cognitive function (level and change). These findings underscored the long-term ramifications of childhood conditions as potential risk factors for later-life cognitive health. Social cohesion at the neighborhood level as experienced during childhood may be a protective factor for healthy cognitive aging among older Chinese adults.

scholarly journals 806. 2013–2015 Nationwide Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Childcare Centers and Schools in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S289-S289
Author(s):  
Woosuck Suh ◽  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ji Hyen Hwang ◽  
Sodam Lee ◽  
Kang-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Setting ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Background The Republic of Korea has the highest incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) among members of the OECD, reported as 78.8/100,000 population in 2016. In response, a state-run intensive contact investigation for TB is being conducted. More effective TB control requires an epidemiologic emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infections in children and adolescents, compared with other age groups. Here we present an analysis of data from the childcare center and school contact investigation by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2013–2015. Methods Data collected from index patients included age, sex, occupation, disease status, results of AFB smear/culture, and chest x-ray. Data collected from contacts included age, sex, results of serial tuberculin skin test (TST), and chest x-ray. Congregate settings included childcare centers, kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools, and age groups were stratified as follows: 0–4 years, 5–12 years, and 13–18 years. TSTs were considered positive if induration ≥10 mm on the first test (TST1) or demonstrated an increase ≥6 mm over the induration of TST1 on repeat testing after 8 weeks (TST2). Results Of the 197,801 subjects with data collected, 173,998 were eligible and included in our analysis. TST1 results were available for 159,346 (91.6%) and when results were positive, induration was 10–14 mm in 7.6% and ≥15 mm in 1.5%. TST2 results were available for 119,797 (82.7%) of the 144,904 with negative TST1, and conversion rate was 9.0%. Altogether considering TST1 and TST2, 17.3% contacts had latent TB infections. Positive rates of TST significantly decreased with age: 20.3% in 0–4 years, 18.8% in 5–12 years, 17.1% in 13–18 years. Conclusion In this 3-year school-setting contact investigation, 17.3% contacts were diagnosed with latent TB infection, as demonstrated by TST reactions. Positive rates of TST significantly but mildly decreased with age. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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