Communal living: the role of polyploidy and syncytia in tissue biology

Musculoskeletal conditions are known to involve biological, psychological, social and, often, lifestyle elements. However, these domains are generally considered in isolation from each other. This siloed approach is unlikely to be adequate to understand the complexity of these conditions and likely explains a major component of the disappointing effects of treatment. This paper presents a hypothesis that aims to provide a foundation to understand the interaction and integration between these domains. We propose a hypothesis that provides a plausible link between psychology and lifestyle factors with tissue level effects (such as connective tissue dysregulation/accumulation) in musculoskeletal conditions that is founded on understanding the molecular basis for interaction between systemic and local inflammation. The hypothesis provides plausible and testable links between mind and body, for which empirical evidence can be found for many aspects. We present this hypothesis from the perspective of connective tissue biology and pathology (fibrosis), the role of inflammation locally (tissue level), and how this inflammation is shaped by systemic inflammation through bidirectional pathways, and various psychological and lifestyle factors via their influence on systemic inflammation. This hypothesis provides a foundation for new consideration of the development and refinement of personalized multidimensional treatments for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions.

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Youth Studies, Housing Transitions and the ‘Missing Middle’: Time for a Rethink?

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.3107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 118-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Steven Roberts

Keyword(s):

Young Men ◽

Social Resources ◽

Youth Studies ◽

Transitions To Adulthood ◽

Lack Of Fit ◽

Youth Research ◽

Communal Living ◽

Missing Middle ◽

Determining Factor

A recent but growing trend in studies of young people's lives has been to highlight that there is a ‘missing middle’ in the youth studies research agenda. It has been argued that much youth research focuses on either successful or very troubled transitions to adulthood, with the lives of those who might simply be ‘getting by’ representing an empirical absence. Building on previous work that has addressed how such a missing middle can add to our understanding of educational experience and attainment, labour market engagement and participation, and issues of identity, this paper pays attention to the housing transitions, careers and aspirations of a group of ‘ordinary’ and apparently unproblematic working class young men. Because they do not represent groups that have been of especial interest in youth studies to date, their experiences problematize the on-going utility of dominant conceptual frameworks used to explain housing transitions. In addition to their ‘lack of fit’ with ideal type typologies, the young men also reveal the shifting nature of attitudes towards communal living ‘which is traditionally associated with middle class students’ in combination with the continuing role of social resources as a determining factor in their housing transition.

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The Role of Self-Regulation in Abstinence Maintenance: Effects of Communal Living on Self-Regulation

Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery ◽

10.1080/15560350802712371 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1-2) ◽

pp. 32-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Joseph R. Ferrari ◽

Edward B. Stevens ◽

Leonard A. Jason

Keyword(s):

Self Regulation ◽

Communal Living

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The Role of Adipose Tissue in Insulin Resistance in Women of African Ancestry

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2013/952916 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Julia H. Goedecke ◽

Naomi S. Levitt ◽

Juliet Evans ◽

Nicole Ellman ◽

David John Hume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Women ◽

African Ancestry ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Future Research ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Tissue Biology ◽

Ectopic Fat Deposition

Women of African ancestry, particularly those living in industrialized countries, experience a disproportionately higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, obesity and insulin resistance, which are major risk factors for T2D, are greater in black compared to white women. The exact mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not known. This paper will focus on the role of adipose tissue biology. Firstly, the characteristic body fat distribution of women of African ancestry will be discussed, followed by the depot-specific associations with insulin resistance. Factors involved in adipose tissue biology and their relation to insulin sensitivity will then be explored, including the role of sex hormones, glucocorticoid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis, and their consequent effects on adipose tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Finally the role of ectopic fat deposition will be discussed. The paper proposes directions for future research, in particular highlighting the need for longitudinal and/or intervention studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and T2D in women of African ancestry.

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Examining the Role of Summer Camps in Developing Academic and Workplace Readiness

Journal of Youth Development ◽

10.5195/jyd.2018.563 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1-2) ◽

pp. 83-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cait Wilson ◽

Jim Sibthorp

Keyword(s):

Experiential Learning ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Summer Camp ◽

Summer Camps ◽

Workplace Readiness ◽

Relationship Skills ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Supportive Environments ◽

Communal Living

Summer camps are an effective setting for youth to develop skills essential for academics and the workplace yet are often not recognized as such. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate learning outcomes from camp most applicable to academics and workplace readiness. As a secondary aim, the researchers sought to identify the mechanisms at camp that support this learning. Youths’ primary learning outcomes include relationship skills, teamwork, how to live with peers, self-confidence, organization, responsibility, independence, perseverance, career orientation, and emotion regulation. In general, mechanisms that supported participants’ learning of outcomes included experiential learning, camp as separate time and space, camp schedules, the role of counselors, communal living, safe and supportive environments, and diversity of people. The implications for camp staff include furthering their programming efforts by placing an emphasis on the mechanisms that elicit academic and workplace readiness. With intentional effort, summer camp can be an important setting for youth to learn valuable skills that are beneficial for them to succeed in academics and work.

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Prophetic Authority

10.5622/illinois/9780252043017.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Hubbard MacKay

Keyword(s):

Political Authority ◽

Religious Movements ◽

Great Awakening ◽

Religious Authority ◽

Second Great Awakening ◽

Joseph Smith ◽

Prophetic Voice ◽

Communal Living ◽

Prophetic Authority

This book is about how Joseph Smith established religious authority and a long-lasting, complex priesthood structure. The thesis of this book builds on three scholars’ major ideas about religious authority and Mormonism in the antebellum United States. In an effort to move the conversation toward politics and its relationship to religion, Porterfield focused on the constraint of populism. Though it is true that Mormonism grew, as Hatch shows, from the populist appeal of a lay priesthood and communal living in early Mormonism, Flake demonstrates that the Mormon priesthood was hierarchical. Left just outside the focus of the work of Hatch, Porterfield, and Flake is the role of Joseph Smith defining Mormon authority—a role that has not been fully examined. Smith’s authority grew in opposition to the civic and political authority that evangelicals were garnering and as a countertrend to the populist religious movements of the Second Great Awakening. In fact, Smith’s prophetic voice and scripture formed a hierarchical priesthood structure that eventually empowered every male member of his church to become a prophet, priest, and king, although they answered to each leader above them within the same structure. Reinforced by that structure, Smith’s prophetic voice became the arbiter of authority. It had the ultimate power to create and guide, and it was used to form a strong lay priesthood order in a stable hierarchical democracy devoid of the kind of democratic political authority that evangelicals fostered.

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The Role of Vitamin D in Adipose Tissue Biology: Adipocyte Differentiation, Energy Metabolism, and Inflammation

Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis ◽

10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Chan Yoon Park ◽

Sung Nim Han

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Adipocyte Differentiation ◽

Tissue Biology

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Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-10-0074 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 140 (3) ◽

pp. 373-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 119

Author(s):

F C Denison ◽

K A Roberts ◽

S M Barr ◽

J E Norman

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Vascular Endothelium ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Tissue Biology ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Maternal obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for both mother and offspring. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk associated with maternal obesity are not well understood. In non-pregnant populations, many of the complications of obesity are thought to be mediated in part by inflammation and its sequelae. Recent studies suggest that a heightened inflammatory response may also be involved in mediating adverse clinical outcomes during pregnancy. This review summarizes our current knowledge about adipose tissue biology, and its role as an endocrine and inflammatory organ. The evidence for inflammation as a key mediator of adverse pregnancy outcome is also presented, focusing on the role of inflammation in adipose tissue, systemic inflammation, the placenta, and vascular endothelium.

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