Application of electrophysiological tests in the evaluation of early thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Deficits in central auditory processing may occur in a variety of clinical conditions including traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, auditory neuropathy/dyssynchrony syndrome, neurological disorders associated with aging, and aphasia. Deficits in central auditory processing of a more subtle nature have also been studied extensively in neurodevelopmental disorders in children with learning disabilities, ADD, and developmental language disorders. Illustrative cases are reviewed demonstrating the use of an audiological test battery in patients with auditory neuropathy/dyssynchrony syndrome, bilateral lesions to the inferior colliculi, and bilateral lesions to the temporal lobes. Electrophysiological tests of auditory function were utilized to define the locus of dysfunction at neural levels ranging from the auditory nerve, midbrain, and cortical levels.

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Neuropathic pain post-COVID-19: a case report

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-243459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. e243459

Author(s):

Matthew McWilliam ◽

Michael Samuel ◽

Fadi Hasan Alkufri

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Case Report ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Skin Biopsy ◽

Neurological Examination ◽

Autonomic Failure ◽

Whole Body ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Burning Pain ◽

Electrophysiological Tests

A 61-year-old man with no significant medical history developed fever, headache and mild shortness of breath. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and self-isolated at home, not requiring hospital admission. One week after testing positive, he developed acute severe burning pain affecting his whole body, subsequently localised distally in the limbs. There was no ataxia or autonomic failure. Neurological examination was unremarkable. Electrophysiological tests were unremarkable. Skin biopsy, lumbar puncture, enhanced MRI of the brachial plexus and MRI of the neuroaxis were normal. His pain was inadequately controlled with pregabalin but improved while on a weaning regimen of steroids. This case highlights the variety of possible symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Choroidal vascularity index in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a cross-sectional study

Eye and Vision ◽

10.1186/s40662-021-00242-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pasquale Loiudice ◽

Marco Pellegrini ◽

Michele Marinò ◽

Barbara Mazzi ◽

Ilaria Ionni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Score ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Activity Score ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽

Imagej Software

Abstract Background Hemodynamic changes have been observed in patients with Graves’ disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate choroidal vascular change using the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 patients affected by TAO were recruited. Forty healthy individuals, matched for age and sex, served as controls. Foveal enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans were obtained from all participants. Images were binarized using the ImageJ software and luminal area (LA) and total choroidal area (TCA) were measured. CVI was calculated as the proportion of LA to TCA. The relation between CVI or subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and clinical activity score, exophthalmometric value, diplopia status, gender, and age was evaluated. Results CVI was significantly higher in patients with TAO (P = 0.004). No significant difference was observed in SFCT (P = 0.200) and TCA (P = 0.153) comparing TAO patients and healthy controls. LA was significantly higher in TAO group (P = 0.045). On multiple regression analysis, CVI was associated with TCA (P = 0.043). No association was found between SFCT or CVI and TCA, clinical activity score, exophthalmometric value, Inami value, diplopia status, gender or age (P > 0.05). Conclusions This is the first study that has demonstrated an increase in CVI in eyes with TAO compared with healthy controls and has assessed its association with clinical features.

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