Virulence spectrum of populations of Pyricularia oryzae in irrigated rice ecosystems in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson Ouma Nyongesa ◽  
Joseph Bigirimana ◽  
Beatrice A. Were ◽  
Rosemary Murori
Keyword(s):  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Virulence Spectrum

scholarly journals Use of local rice cultivars as additional differentials to identify pathotypes of Pyricularia oryzae

Bragantia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Barata da Silva ◽  
Leila Garcês de Araújo ◽  
Valácia Lemes da Silva Lobo ◽  
Anne Sitarama Prabhu ◽  
Marcela Cristiane Ferreira Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Collection ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
Bean Research ◽  
Complementary Set ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Eight additional rice cultivars as differentials were selected to identify pathotypes occurring in the Tocantins State. They were BRS Jaburu, BRS Taim, BRS Biguá, BR IRGA-417, Epagri 109, Javaé, Metica-1 and Supremo. These differentials were used in addition to the international set to determine the pathogenic diversity of 193 Pyricularia oryzae isolates collected during 1994-2002 from irrigated rice cultivars. They were conserved in Pyricularia culture collection of Embrapa Rice and Bean Research center. From 193 P. oryzae isolates 38 pathotypes were identified based on leaf blast reactions of international set and 29 pathotypes based on these additional differentials. The predominant pathotypes (TI-1, TG-2, TD-15 and TF-2) were represented by 53% of the tested isolates. The major international pathotypes (IB-45, IB-41, II-1 and ID-13) were represented by 43% of the isolates tested. The virulence pattern of 28 isolates belonging to the pathotype IB-45 was further differentiated into nine local pathotypes using additional set of differentials. The irrigated rice cultivars used as additional differentials serve as complementary set to identify pathotypes of interest for breeding blast resistant cultivars for Tocantins State.

Pathogenicity of Isolates of the Rice Blast Pathogen (Pyricularia oryzae) from Indonesia

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santoso Kadeawi ◽  
Suwarno Non ◽  
Anggiani Nasution ◽  
Aris Hairmansis ◽  
Mitsuhiro Obara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential System ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Differential Varieties

A total of 201 isolates of Pyricularia oryzae (the causal agent of rice blast) were collected from three rice ecosystems (upland, lowland, and swampy) in five regions of Indonesia (West Java, Lampung, South Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Bali). Their pathogenicities were characterized based on the patterns of reaction of 25 differential varieties (DVs) and the susceptible control Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH), which was susceptible to all blast isolates. A high proportion of isolates (>80.0%) were virulent to DVs for resistance genes Pib, Pit, Pia, Pik-s, and Pi12(t), and a low proportion of isolates (<12.9%) were virulent to DVs for Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, and Pi7(t). Virulence to the other DVs for Pish, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pita-2 (two lines), Pita (two lines), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t) showed intermediate frequencies from 20.0% to 80.0%. These isolates were classified into three cluster groups Ia, Ib, and II, and the frequencies of cluster groups varied among the three ecosystems and the five regions. The frequencies of cluster groups varied among the different ecosystems and regions, and races varied according to the ecosystems. A total of 27 standard differential blast isolates (SDBLs) were selected from the 201 isolates collected. The set of 25 DVs and these 27 SDBIs will be used as a new differential system for analysis of the pathogenicity of blast isolates and analysis of resistance genes in rice cultivars, which will contribute to building up a durable protection system against blast disease in Indonesia.

Silicon Management of Blast in Upland and Irrigated Rice Ecosystems

2000 ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Datnoff ◽  
Fernando J. Victoria-Correa ◽  
Kenneth W. Seebold ◽  
George H. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Rice Ecosystems

scholarly journals Egg parasitoids from the subfamily Scelioninae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in irrigated rice ecosystems across varied elevational ranges in southern India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 8898
Author(s):  
M Shweta ◽  
K. Rajmohana
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Standard Specimen ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Malaise Traps

Platygastridae (Hymenoptera) is the most abundant family of parasitic Hymenoptera in rice ecosystems in southern India.  Members belonging to the subfamily Scelioninae were assessed in rice ecosystems along three elevation ranges, a highland (737m), midland (54m) and lowland (1.5m) in northcentral Kerala (southern India) during the pre-flowering to the milky-grain stage of paddy.  Malaise traps were employed as the standard specimen collection methodology with collections made for four weeks, using two malaise traps per field, from August 2008 to January 2009, serviced once a week. The study recorded a total of 198 individuals belonging to 38 species in 21 genera. The species diversity, richness, evenness as well as beta diversity were computed for the three sites along with ANOVA and it was concluded that, contrary to other studies on different taxa, elevation did not have any major effect on the overall diversity patterns in Platygastridae even though there was a difference in species assemblages. 

Pengaruh Konversi Lahan terhadap Strategi Pemanfaatan Modal Nafkah Rumah Tangga Buruh Tani

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Hesti Prastiwi ◽  
Martua Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
The Impact

Lahan merupakan salah satu sumber daya agraria yang sangat penting bagi petani dikarenakan lahan merupakan salah satu sumber untuk bertahan hidup. Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan. Pembangunan yang terjadi di Indonesia semakin masif, menimbulkan konversi lahan bersifat permanen ketika lahan sawah beririgasi berubah menjadi kawasan pemukiman atau industri. Konversi lahan yang terjadi menyebabkan hilangnya beberapa atau seluruh modal nafkah yang ada. Perubahan modal nafkah ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan strategi nafkah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak konversi lahan terhadap strategi nafkah dan pengaruh pemanfaatan  modal nafkah  terhadap strategi nafkah rumah tangga. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Desa Pasirgaok, Kecamatan Rancabungur, Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan untuk menggali fakta, data, dan informasi dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner yang didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui wawancara dan studi literatur hingga diperoleh hasil bahwa dampak konversi lahan mempengaruhi modal dan strategi nafkah.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, konversi lahan, modal nafkah, strategi nafkah=====ABSTRACTLand is one of the most important agrarian resources for farmers because land is one source of livelihood survival. According to Constitution Number 41 Year 2009 on concerning The Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture. The development that is taking place in Indonesia is increasingly massive leading to permanent land conversion when technical irrigated rice fields change into residential or industrial areas. The land conversion that occurs causes a loss of some or all existing livelihood asset. This change in livelihood asset will result in a change in farmers livelihood strategies. This study aims to analyze the influence of the impact of land conversion towards livelihood strategies and the influence of the utilization of livelihood asset towards the livelihood strategies households. The location of this research is Pasirgaok Village, Rancabungur District, Bogor Regency. The method used to extract facts, data, and information in the research is the quantitative approach through survey method with questionnaires supported by qualitative data through interview and literature study until it is obtained that the impact of land conversion towards landless farmer household’s assets and livelihood strategies.Keywords: land conversion, landless farmer, livelihood asset, livelihood strategies

Молекулярное маркирование генов устойчивости к пирикуляриозу в сортах риса дальневосточной селекции

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Марина Владиславовна Илюшко ◽  
Марина Викторовна Ромашова ◽  
Светлана Сергеевна Гученко
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae

С помощью молекулярно-генетических маркеров изучены 13 сортов риса (Oryza sativa L.), зарегистрированных в Государственном реестре селекционных достижений по дальневосточной зоне, и 1 перспективный сорт на наличие 6 генов устойчивости к пирикуляриозу риса — Pi-2, Pi-9, Pi-b, Pi-z(t), Pi-1 и Pi-ta2, наиболее актуальных для региона. В 4 сортах не обнаружено генов резистентности к пирикуляриозу. В 8 сортах идентифицировано по 1 гену устойчивости — Pi-2 и Pi-ta2. В 1 сорте (Садко) выявлено 2 изученных гена — Pi-z(t) и Pi-ta2. Изученные 8 сортов риса используют для технологии пирамидирования генов в селекции на устойчивость риса к пирикуляриозу для дальневосточной зоны рисосеяния. Выявленные гены резистентности риса к Pyricularia oryzae Cav. могут служить объективным идентификатором при паспортизации изученных сортов. Обсуждаются причины потери иммунности сортов и необходимости молекулярно-генетического сопровождения процесса семеноводства риса.

ASPECTOS BIOMÉTRICOS, GRAU DE UMIDADE EM SEMENTES DE SUCUPIRA E DETERMINAÇÃO DO EFEITO FUNGITÓXICO DO SEU ÓLEO ESSENCIAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Warlyton Silva Martins ◽  
Cid Tacaoca Muraishi
Keyword(s):  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans

A busca por métodos naturais que viabilizam a eficiência da atividade biológica sobre vários microrganismos vem sendo destaque no cenário atual. A exploração da atividade biológica de compostos secundários presentes no extrato bruto ou óleos essenciais de plantas pode constituir, ao lado da indução da resistência, em uma forma efetiva de controle de doenças em plantas cultivadas. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência do óleo essencial de sucupira em suas propriedades de rendimento, bem como sua atividade biológica antifúngica sobre determinados patógenos que afetam culturas promissoras no Estado do Tocantins. Instalou-se o experimento no Campus de Ciências Agrárias da Faculdade Católica do Tocantins no laboratório de Bromatologia e Fitopatologia, para extração do óleo essência, avaliação do grau de umidade e biometria de sementes, obtenção dos fitopatógenos e avaliação dos efeitos fungitóxicos do óleo essencial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos, adicionados ao meio de cultura, após a autoclavagem e o resfriamento, foram as seguintes: sucupira (BDA + 25% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato), sucupira (BDA + 50% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato), sucupira (BDA + 75% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato), sucupira (BDA + 100% de extrato de sucupira + 0,016% de polissorbato) e testemunha (BDA). Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste Tukey (5%) de probabilidade. O óleo essencial de sucupira inibiu o desenvolvimento micelial de Fusarium subglutinans, Sclerotinia sclerotiurum, Didymella bryoniae, Pyricularia oryzae.

Antifungal and Antimitotic Substances discovered by the Bioassay using Conidia of Pyricularia Oryzae

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Namikoshi ◽  
H. Kobayashi ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
X. Yao ◽  
H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pyricularia Oryzae
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document