scholarly journals Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mazur ◽  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Witold Jan Wardal ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Air Exchange

AbstractThe aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method. This method was used in order to estimate the air flow rate. Concentrations of ammonia and CO2 were measured as the base for air exchange and ammonia emission rates. Ammonia emissions were product of ammonia concentration and air exchange rate. Temperature and relative humidity were measured to establish microclimate conditions in buildings tested to show the overall microclimatic situation in buildings. Differences between ammonia emission rates were observed in both housing systems. The highest ammonia emission rate was equal to 2.75 g·h−1·LU−1 in well-ventilated cattle barn with the largest herd size.

scholarly journals Noxious gases in rabbit housing systems: effects of cross and longitudinal ventilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Da Borso ◽  
Alessandro Chiumenti ◽  
Marco Mezzadri ◽  
Francesco Teri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Longitudinal Ventilation ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Animal welfare is a matter of increasing interest due to ethical and economical worries regarding animal rights and the sustainability of meat production. Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and methane can be produced in the livestock buildings and, if not adequately controlled by ventilation, can be dangerous for animals and farmers. The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of different ventilation systems in rabbit buildings based on the temporal patterns and the spatial distribution of these noxious gases. The experimental measurements were conducted in two rabbit farms with genetically homogeneous animals subjected to the same diet. Two buildings with different forced ventilation layouts (cross ventilation - building A and longitudinal ventilation - building B) were subjected to the monitoring of indoor environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane) over a whole year. In both the buildings, ventilation was adjusted automatically by means of electronic control units, which were controlled by temperature sensors, located at the centre of the buildings. Gas concentrations inside the buildings followed clearly defined sinusoidal patterns on a daily basis with the highest values reached in winter during the morning hours for ammonia and during the night hours for carbon dioxide and methane. In particular, ammonia revealed a maximum concentration of 30.7 mg m–3 in building A (cross ventilation) and 12.9 mg m–3 in building B (longitudinal ventilation), whereas the minimum values were 6.0 and 4.2 mg m–3, in building A and B, respectively. As a consequence, daily mean concentrations of noxious gases, solely could not be considered representative of the actual conditions of air quality in the buildings. The airflow direction clearly influenced the spatial concentration of ammonia, which showed different patterns in the two buildings. In building A, the highest ammonia concentration was in a diffuse central area, whereas in building B, it was determined to be less extended and located in the proximity of the wall equipped with extraction fans. The results of this study provide important indications for the planning and management of housing systems for rabbits including: the correct positioning of gas sensors for regulating ventilation systems must be central in case of cross ventilation, but close to the suction fans in case of longitudinal ventilation; the cross ventilation can lead to ammonia concentration higher than longitudinal ventilation, which is caused by the close and prolonged contact of airflow with manure surface in the channels; fans for longitudinal ventilation must be positioned in the same side of the building where scrapers discharge manure; furthermore, manure scraping has to be performed daily in winter during the hours of the day when ventilation rate is at its maximum.

scholarly journals Ammonia emissions from dairy cattle manure under variable ventilation rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrė Bagdonienė ◽  
Rolandas Bleizgys
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Variable Ventilation ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Ventilation Rates

AbstractThe effect of variable ventilation rates on ammonia emission rates from manure was determined through mass flow measurements in a laboratory test unit and the possibility of reducing ammonia emissions by regulating the intensity of the ventilation in cowsheds. The air exchange rate represents an important determinant of ammonia emissions. A 4.5 times increase in ventilation rate causes ammonia emission to increase by 1.7-2.5 times. The effect of ventilation rate on ammonia emission from manure was found to increase under the condition of extremely high airflow rates, i.e. over 250 m3 h-1 m-2. Under the recommended ventilation rate of 105-420 m3 h-1 per cow, ammonia emission will vary from 2016 to 3195 mg h-1, respectively. The ammonia emissions can be significantly reduced in dairy cattle barns by reducing ventilation rates provided the air quality indicators remain in conformity with the requirements. The ammonia emissions can also be reduced in barns by controlling and diverting air flows inside the barns by preventing the clean air from reaching fresh manure as much as possible while reducing the vertical concentration gradient of ammonia.

DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF AIR EXCHANGE RATE IN A LARGE GREENHOUSE EQUIPPED WITH INSECT PROOF NET

2007 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
H. Majdoubi ◽  
T. Boulard ◽  
A. Hanafi ◽  
H. Fatnassi ◽  
H. Demrati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Exchange

Ammonia and other microclimatic conditions at an Australian pre-export sheep assembly depot

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Mathew K. Pines ◽  
Tracy Muller ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Positive Correlations

Noxious gases produced at hazardous concentrations in animal housing systems may affect the health and wellbeing of both animals and workers. In order to determine if the gaseous emissions from a pre-export assembly depot for sheep constituted a risk, atmospheric ammonia was measured in eight sheep buildings at an Australian assembly depot. Additionally, meteorological variables and distance from excreta were measured to determine their influence on ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide concentrations. Repeat measurements were made at 12 sites in each building on 4 separate days, and four buildings were mapped using longitudinal and latitudinal transects. Concentrations of ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide were all below the recommended safety thresholds for humans and livestock. There were positive correlations between ammonia and the following variables: ambient temperature and moisture content, and negative correlations with distance from animal excreta. Understanding these relationships will help to understand the reasons for ammonia accumulation in such buildings.

Zonal air exchange rate of a passive solar house and resultant sensible air heat transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochuko Kelvin Overen ◽  
Edson Leroy Meyer ◽  
Golden Makaka ◽  
Sosten Ziuku ◽  
Sampson Mamphweli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Passive Solar ◽  
Solar House ◽  
Air Exchange

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes at the air–sea interface of Red Sea mangroves

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 5365-5375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory A. Sea ◽  
Neus Garcias-Bonet ◽  
Vincent Saderne ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Ch4 Production

Abstract. Mangrove forests are highly productive tropical and subtropical coastal systems that provide a variety of ecosystem services, including the sequestration of carbon. While mangroves are reported to be the most intense carbon sinks among all forests, they can also support large emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), to the atmosphere. However, data derived from arid mangrove systems like the Red Sea are lacking. Here, we report net emission rates of CO2 and CH4 from mangroves along the eastern coast of the Red Sea and assess the relative role of these two gases in supporting total GHG emissions to the atmosphere. Diel CO2 and CH4 emission rates ranged from −3452 to 7500 µmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and from 0.9 to 13.3 µmol CH4 m−2 d−1 respectively. The rates reported here fall within previously reported ranges for both CO2 and CH4, but maximum CO2 and CH4 flux rates in the Red Sea are 10- to 100-fold below those previously reported for mangroves elsewhere. Based on the isotopic composition of the CO2 and CH4 produced, we identified potential origins of the organic matter that support GHG emissions. In all but one mangrove stand, GHG emissions appear to be supported by organic matter from mixed sources, potentially reducing CO2 fluxes and instead enhancing CH4 production, a finding that highlights the importance of determining the origin of organic matter in GHG emissions. Methane was the main source of CO2 equivalents despite the comparatively low emission rates in most of the sampled mangroves and therefore deserves careful monitoring in this region. By further resolving GHG fluxes in arid mangroves, we will better ascertain the role of these forests in global carbon budgets.

scholarly journals First steps in the development of a possible measurement method to estimate the radon concentration as an indicator of the indoor air quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl.) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Franz Roessler ◽  
Jai Azzam ◽  
Volker Grimm ◽  
Hans Hingmann ◽  
Tina Orovwighose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Air Exchange

The energy conservation regulation provides upper limits for the annual primary energy requirements for new buildings and old building renovation. The actions required could accompany a reduction of the air exchange rate and cause a degradation of the indoor air quality. In addition to climate and building specific aspects, the air exchange rate is essentially affected by the residents. Present methods for the estimation of the indoor air quality can only be effected under test conditions, whereby the influence of the residents cannot be considered and so an estimation under daily routine cannot be ensured. In the context of this contribution first steps of a method are presented, that allows an estimation of the progression of the air exchange rate under favourable conditions by using radon as an indicator. Therefore mathematical connections are established that could be affirmed practically in an experimental set-up. So this method could provide a tool that allows the estimation of the progression of the air exchange rate and in a later step the estimation of a correlating progression of air pollutant concentrations without limitations of using the dwelling.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NEW BEDDING MATERIALS ON AMMONIA EMISSION FROM DAIRY COW SLURRY

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit HELLSTEDT ◽  
Hannu E.S. HAAPALA
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
By Products ◽  
Cow Slurry

Agriculture is the most significant source of Ammonia emission that causes e.g. loss of Nitrogen from agricultural systems. Manure is the main source of Ammonia emissions and causes losses in the nutrient cycles of agriculture as well as local odour nuisance. By using different bedding materials, it is possible to reduce both the Ammonia emissions and to improve the cycling of nutrient. Peat is known as an effective litter material but its use as a virtually non-renewable resource is questionable. Therefore, we need to find new bedding materials to replace peat. In this study, the effect of ten different industrial by-products, reeds and stalks to reduce Ammonia emissions was tested in laboratory in January 2020. Dairy cow slurry and bedding materials were mixed in a volume ratio of 4:1. The Ammonia emission was measured for two weeks once or twice a day. Measurements were performed with a photoacoustic method. The results show that all tested materials reduce the Ammonia emission from the cow slurry used. Interesting new materials to substitute peat are zero fiber and briquetted textile waste. Wheat bran, pellets made of reed canary grass and chopped bulrush had the best effect which is at the same level as that of peat. However, no statistically significant differences between the calculated emission rates were found.

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