E-waste recycling practices: a review on environmental concerns, remediation and technological developments with a focus on printed circuit boards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh P. Tembhare ◽  
Bharat A. Bhanvase ◽  
Divya P. Barai ◽  
Sanjay J. Dhoble
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Technological Developments

scholarly journals Integrated Technological Solutions for Zero Waste Recycling of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Copani ◽  
Marcello Colledani ◽  
Alessandro Brusaferri ◽  
Antonio Pievatolo ◽  
Eugenio Amendola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Printed Circuit

scholarly journals Recovery of base and precious metals from PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-011
Author(s):  
Yete Pélagie ◽  
Togbe FC Alexis ◽  
Yovo Franck ◽  
Suanon Fidèle ◽  
Sidohounde Assou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Natural minerals are a powerful tool in politics when some have a major role in production. Its depletion is now a hot topic worldwide. Thus, the safety of the environment, natural surface water, groundwater and the protection of soils from chronic contamination by metallic and inorganic elements is a global concern. Indeed, industrialization and development have led to the generation of huge and varied amounts of waste, including electronic waste (e-waste), which is released into the environment. Although e-waste is classified as hazardous, most of it is not recycled and developed countries with strict environmental protection legislation send most of their e-waste to developing countries where regulations are lax. These electronic devices and components after being used are simply dumped into the environment due to lack of treatment and recycling strategy. As a result, they become a threat to the environment, ecosystems and humans. African countries are among the most vulnerable nations. But they are unfortunately ignored and underestimated. To date, there is no e-waste recycling unit (factory) in most African countries and mainly in the Republic of Benin. In response to this challenge, this study explored the different techniques used for the recycling of waste electrical/electronic equipment in order to develop a new environmentally friendly approach in future work, for the extraction and recycling of the usual and valuable metallic elements contained in electronic waste (printed circuit boards) released into the environment. For this purpose, a bibliographic research was carried out from 20 April to 16 October 2021. The results obtained allowed us to identify the advantages and disadvantages of existing recycling methods.

scholarly journals Leaching and Selective Recovery of Cu from Printed Circuit Boards

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manivannan Sethurajan ◽  
Eric D. van Hullebusch
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Selective Recovery ◽  
Printed Circuit

Printed circuit boards (PCBs), a typical end-of-life electronic waste, were collected from an E-waste recycling company located in the Netherlands. Cu and precious metal concentration analyses of the powdered PCBs confirm that the PCBs are multimetallic in nature, rich, but contain high concentrations of Cu, Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt. Ferric sulfate concentration (100 mM), agitation speed (300 rpm), temperature (20 °C), and solid-to-liquid ratio (10 g·L−1) were found to be the optimum conditions for the maximum leaching of Cu from PCBs. The ferric sulfate leachates were further examined for selective recovery of Cu as copper sulfides. The important process variables of sulfide precipitation, such as lixiviant concentration and sulfide dosage were investigated and optimized 100 ppm of ferric sulfate and (copper:sulfide) 1:3 molar ratio, respectively. Over 95% of the dissolved Cu (from the multimetallic leachates) was selectively precipitated as copper sulfide under optimum conditions. The characterization of the copper sulfide precipitates by SEM-EDS analyses showed that the precipitates mainly consist of Cu and S. PCBs can thus be seen as a potential secondary resource for copper.

Acoustic Properties of Loose and Consolidated Nonmetal Particles from Waste Printed Circuit Boards

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 723-732
Author(s):  
Zhi Xing Sun ◽  
Zhi Gang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Irregular Shapes

The aim of this study was to present a new method for resource utilization of nonmetal particles from waste printed circuit boards. Acoustic properties of loose particle mixes and their consolidated composites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation shows that the nonmetal particles exhibit high irregular shapes and forms an extensive network of micro-pores in the consolidated composites. The acoustic absorbers made from the nonmetal particles exhibit excellent sound absorption ability in broadband frequency ranges. When the particle size is larger than 0.3 mm, the average absorption coefficients are 0.79 and 0.74 for the loose and consolidated materials in the frequency range from 100 to 6,400 Hz. It was found that the consolidation process did not significantly affect the absorption performance when the particle size is larger than 0.15 mm. All the results show that the reuse of nonmetal particles from WPCB as sound absorbing materials represents a promising way for waste recycling and can also resolve both the environment pollution and the noise pollution problems.

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