scholarly journals Comments on “The Historical Narrative of the Standard Temperature–Time Heating Curve for Structures” by Gales, et al.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytenis Babrauskas
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Standard Temperature ◽  
Heating Curve ◽  
Temperature Time

scholarly journals Material properties and the energy balance in standardized fire testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 07004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Węgrzyński ◽  
Piotr Turkowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Fire Testing ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Standard Temperature ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Temperature Time

The origins of standardised fire testing can be traced back to 1870’s, and the origin of the standard temperature-time curve to 1917. This approach, based on a 19th-century intuition is still in use up to this day, to design the 21st-century structures. Standardized fire-testing ultimately disregards the conservation of energy in the fire, as in every test the resulting temperature of the test must be the same (precisely as the temp.-time curve). To maintain this, different amount of heat is required in every test, which means that every time a different fire is modelled within the furnace. The differences between furnace fire sizes are ignored in the certification process, but can be interesting for fire researchers to understand how different materials behave in fire conditions. In this paper, Authors explore this topic by investigating the energy balance within the furnace, and comparing different fire tests together.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis of fire resistance of a composite floor slab

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Joanna Kaliszuk ◽  
Elżbieta Grochowska
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Composite Slab ◽  
Standard Temperature ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Temperature Time

The paper presents a sensitivity analysis of design bending resistance of a composite slab rib in a fire situation to a change of the value of basic variables. The analysis was carried out for a composite slab being an element of a supporting structure of a reinforced floor referred to in [1, 2]. The calculations were made for a simple calculation model and the standard temperature-time curve according to [6, 7]. The set of basic variables was limited to X1 = {(y, z), h1, fy,a, fy,s, fc}.

Combined Fireproof and Stuffing Materials Applied to Through-Floor Pipes

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1547-1550
Author(s):  
Shih Feng Kao ◽  
Yu Shiang Wu ◽  
Chi Jan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Standard Temperature ◽  
Class A ◽  
Combination Methods ◽  
Surface Burning ◽  
Fire Barrier ◽  
Double Agent ◽  
American Society ◽  
Temperature Time

This study tested four types of fireproof and stuffing materials, including firestop sheets, silicone fire barrier sealant, mineral wool batt, and double agent fire barrier foam, on through-floor pipes and walls. Based on the specifications of the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) E84, a 10 min substrate surface burning test was conducted to test fireproof and stuffing materials. The results indicated that the level of fireproof material substrates reached the level of class A in ASTM E84. Combination methods A and B were tested by 180 min heating for specimens, according to the ASTM E814 standard temperature-time (T-t) heating curve, followed by the water spraying test. The results showed that methods A and B have 180 min of fire prevention effects (F rating), and method B can achieve 180 min of heat prevention effects (T rating).

Fire Resistance Tests of Various Fire Protective Coatings

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas GRIGONIS ◽  
Romualdas MAČIULAITIS ◽  
Donatas LIPINSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Standard Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Protection Coating ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Volumetric Methods ◽  
Resistance Tests

Tests were carried out on more than 14 different samples of fire protective coatings in order to investigate a relation between the thickness of the intumescent fire protection coating and the time of exposure to heat. A number of coatings of different chemical composition enabled to determine the fire resistance behaviour patterns. During test the one-side and volumetric methods were employed in observance of the standard temperature-time curves. For one-side method, the coating was applied on one side and all edges of the specimen, whereas for volumetric test the specimens were completely covered with fire protective coating. It is shown that a layer of coating protects the specimen's surface from heat exposure for a certain period of time until full oxidation of the coating occurs. The efficiency of fire protective coatings also depends on thickness of the charred layer of the side exposed to heat.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.257

НАРАТИВ ЯК КОНТЕНТНА ОСНОВА МІЖНАРОДНИХ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
N. Zykun ◽  
A. Bessarab ◽  
L. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Selection Method ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
National Narrative ◽  
Strategic Communications ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Media ◽  
International Interaction

<p><em>The article, basing on the analysis of selected media texts with reference to narrative from the leading Ukrainian newspapers «Dzerkalo Tyzhnia» (Weekly Mirror), «Den» (Day), «Ukraina Moloda» (Young Ukraine) for 2016–2020, the semantic and content characteristics of the «narrative», «strategic narrative», «small narratives» nominations has established; the directions of the semantic realization of the meaning of the narrative and its possibilities in the process of international strategic communications aimed at both external and internal audience, are outlined. It is proved that the main task of a strategic, or national, narrative is a reasoned explanation to the state population and interested audiences of specific realities, intentions, plans; justification of certain directions of state activity aimed at partners, at opponents and those occupying a neutral position.</em></p><p><em>There are divided the spheres of use of different narratological nominations: in international communications and in scientific discourse, the conceptual foundations of state identity and international interaction are referred to as strategic narrative or grand narrative, in publicistic discourse the narrative nomination is used, more rarely – historical narrative, national narrative.</em></p><p><em>The scientific novelty of the research is that the focus is on the media aspect of the use of one of the key concepts of strategic communications and the role of the media in its implementation.</em></p><p><em>The main general scientific methods used in this article are descriptive and comparative ones, as well as analysis and synthesis. The following empirical methods were also used: solid selection method (solid selection method for allocation texts with the «narrative» lexeme; quantitative method of content analysis with elements of qualitative one – for characterizing the semantic of the «narrative» term).</em></p><p><em>The results of the study can be used in the complex research of the technology of international strategic communications and in the practical activity of specialists in international strategic communications, a new trend in Ukraine, which is currently under active institutionalization.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> international strategic communications, propaganda, narrative, strategic narrative, grand narrative, «small narratives».</em>

History of Ardalānids (1590-1810) by Sharaf al-Dīn bin Shams al-Dīn

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-79
Author(s):  
Sara Zandi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Translation

This article is a critical translation of the “History of the Ardalānids.” In doing so, it hopes to make available to a wider academic audience this invaluable source on the study of Iranian Kurdistan during the early modern period. While a number of important texts pertaining to the Kurds during this era, most notably the writings of the Ottoman traveler Evliya Chalabi, focus primarily on Ottoman Kurdistan, this piece in contrast puts Iranian Kurdistan in general and the Ardalān dynasty in particular at the center of its historical narrative. Thus it will be of interest not only to scholars of Kurdish history but also to those seeking more generally to research life on the frontiers of empires.Keywords: Ẕayl; Ardalān; Kurdistan; Iran.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIDîroka Erdelaniyan (1590-1810)Ev gotar wergereke rexneyî ya “Dîroka Erdelaniyan” e. Bi vê yekê, merema xebatê ew e ku vê çavkaniya pir biqîmet a li ser Kurdistana Îranê ya di serdema pêş-modern de ji bo cemawerê akademîk berdest bike. Hejmareke metnên girîng li ser Kurdên wê serdemê, bi taybetî nivîsînên Evliya Çelebî yê seyyahê osmanî, zêdetir berê xwe didine Kurdistana di bin hukmê Osmaniyan de. Lê belê, di navenda vê xebatê de, bi giştî Kurdistana Îranê û bi taybetî jî xanedana Erdelaniyan heye. Wisa jî ew dê ne tenê ji bo lêkolerên dîroka kurdî belku ji bo ewên ku dixwazin bi rengekî berfirehtir derheq jiyana li ser tixûbên împeretoriyan lêkolînan bikin jî dê balkêş be.ABSTRACT IN SORANIMêjûy Erdellan (1590-1810)Em wutare wergêrranêkî rexneyî “Mêjûy Erdellan”e, bew mebestey em serçawe girînge le ser Kurdistanî Êran le seretakanî serdemî nwê bixate berdest cemawerî ekademî. Jimareyek serçawey girîng le ser kurdekan lew serdeme da hen, diyartirînyan nûsînekanî gerîdey ‘Usmanî Ewliya Çelebîye, ke zortir serincyan le ser ‘Kurdistanî ‘Usmanî bûwe. Em berheme be pêçewanewe Kurdistanî Êran be giştî, we emaretî Erdelan be taybetî dexate senterî xwêndinewekewe. Boye nek tenya bo twêjeranî biwarî mêjûy kurdî, belku bo ewaney le ser jiyan le sinûre împiratoriyekan twêjînewe deken, cêgay serinc debêt.

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