Winter and growing season nitrogen mineralization from fall-applied composted or stockpiled solid dairy manure

Nitrous oxide emissions are highly episodic and to accurately quantify them annually, continuous measurements are required. A tower-based micrometeorological measuring system was used on a commercial cattle farm near Cô teau-du-Lac, (QC, Canada) during 2003 and 2004 to quantify N2O emissions associated with the production of edible peas. It was equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer and a fast-response closed-path tunable diode laser. Continuous measurements of N2O fluxes were made during the spring thaw following corn cultivation in summer 2002, then during an edible pea growing season, followed by cattle manure application, cover crop planting and through until after the next spring ploughing. The cumulative N2O emissions of 0.7 kg N2O-N ha-1 during the initial snowmelt period following corn harvest were lower than expected. Sustained and small N2O emissions totalling 1.7 kg N2O-N ha-1 were observed during the growing season of the pea crop. Solid cattle manure applied after the pea harvest generated the largest N2O emissions (1.9 kg N2O-N ha-1 over 10 d) observed during the entire sampling period. N2O emissions associated with the cover crop in the fall were mostly influenced by manure application and totalled 0.8 kg N2O-N ha-1. For the subsequent spring thaw period, N2O emissions were 0.8 kg N2O-N ha-1. This represents approximately 15% of the annual emissions for the edible pea-cover crop system, which totalled 5.6 kg N2O-N ha-1 over the measuring periods. There was little difference in spring thaw N2O emissions between the two growing seasons of corn and edible pea-cover crop. Key words: Nitrous oxide emissions, legumes, snowmelt, dairy manure, tunable diode laser, flux tower

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PREDICTING NET NITROGEN MINERALIZATION OVER A GROWING SEASON: MODEL VERIFICATION

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss88-052 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 537-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

C. A. CAMPBELL ◽

Y. W. JAME ◽

R. DE JONG

Keyword(s):

Rate Constant ◽

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Growing Season ◽

Model Verification ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Mineralization Rate ◽

Temperature Function ◽

Plastic Bags

In a previous study a nitrogen mineralization model was developed by combining the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (No) with functions representing the effect of temperature and soil moisture on the mineralization rate constant (k). The model performed well in predicting the amount of net nitrogen mineralized during a growing season when soil was incubated in plastic bags placed in incubators or buried in the field. In the present study a similar model was used to estimate net nitrogen mineralized in situ from Wood Mountain loam an Orthic Brown soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan under (a) summerfallow, (b) cropped-dryland and (c) cropped-irrigated conditions. Model output showed good agreement to field measurements especially for the first 45–60 d, but thereafter tended to underestimate the measured data particularly under cropped-dryland conditions. During a growing season the cropped-irrigated system predicted 69 kg ha−1 net nitrogen mineralized, but 81 kg ha−1 was measured; the corresponding values for summerfallow were 64 and 86 kg ha−1, and for cropped-dryland 36 and 52 kg ha−1, respectively. The model is not dynamic since it does not allow for No to be replenished continuously by nitrogen derived from decomposition of fresh residues and rhizosphere microbial biomass. Net nitrogen mineralized from this source might explain at least part of the underestimate predicted by the model. Other sources of possible discrepancy could be imprecision in measuring the mineralization of nitrogen and in estimating the parameters in the model. Nonetheless, it was established that one of the main shortcomings of the model was that it underestimated the amount of nitrogen mineralized whenever the soil became very dry and was then rewetted by rainfall. This was probably because the latter process resulted in large flushes in mineral nitrogen in situ while in the laboratory estimate of No and k, this effect is not adequately simulated. Key words: Q10, No, N mineralization, rate constant, temperature function

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Effect of freezing on soil nitrogen mineralization under different plant communities in a semi-arid area during a non-growing season

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.04.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Hongtao Zhao ◽

Xuelin Zhang ◽

Sutie Xu ◽

Xiaoguang Zhao ◽

Zhongbing Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Growing Season ◽

Arid Area ◽

Soil Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Semi Arid

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Short-term nitrogen mineralization during transition from conventional to organic management is unchanged by composted dairy manure addition in perennial forage systems

Organic Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s13165-013-0037-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (3-4) ◽

pp. 219-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tunsisa T. Hurisso ◽

Jessica G. Davis ◽

Joe E. Brummer ◽

Mary E. Stromberger ◽

Maysoon M. Mikha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Short Term ◽

Organic Management

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Nitrogen mineralization in beef- and pig-manure-amended soils measured using anion resin method

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss-2014-109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 305-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. V. Ige ◽

S. M. Sayem ◽

O. O. Akinremi

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Growing Season ◽

Organic N ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Available N ◽

Amended Soils ◽

Anion Resin ◽

Resin Method ◽

Fertilizer Equivalence

Ige, D. V., Sayem, S. M. and Akinremi, O. O. 2015. Nitrogen mineralization in beef- and pig-manure-amended soils measured using anion resin method. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 305–319. A major challenge facing the widespread use of manure is the uncertainty about its fertilizer equivalence. This study was carried out to determine the fertilizer equivalence of locally available manures in two soils in Manitoba. A randomized complete block design was adopted with six treatments [nitrogen fertilizer, a liquid swine manure (LSM), three solid beef manures (SBM) and a control] and four replicates. Each treatment was applied to a cylindrical soil column installed at the site at the rate of 100 kg ha−1of “available N”, and leached NO3-N was captured by resin bags at the bottom of the cylinder. The soils and resin bags removed from the cylinders were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, and 18 wk following treatment application. Ammonium nitrogen in the amendments was nitrified within the first 2 to 3 wk with significant build-up of NO3-N in the soil above the control (P<0.05). The greatest available N was in the fertilizer treatment, followed by the LSM and the smallest was in the SBM. The available N in the three SBM was statistically similar (P>0.05). Approximately 50% of the inorganic N in LSM was available during the growing season, while 68 to 100% of SBM inorganic N was available. Between 4 and 25% of the organic N in the three SBM was mineralized during the growing season. High soil moisture hindered N mineralization and enhanced N loss in the clay soil. LSM has the greatest fertilizer equivalence, with a mean of 65 to 68%, of the four manure types used. The fertilizer equivalence of the three SBM ranged between 42 and 59% and was influenced by the manure C:N ratio and the soil environmental conditions. Our study suggests the need to revise the assumptions regarding manure N availability by considering soil environmental factors in the estimation of available N.

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Effect of land management practices and environmental parameters on growing season denitrification rates under dairy crop rotations in Atlantic Canada

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2015-0035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 86-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Keith D. Fuller ◽

David L. Burton ◽

Mark G. Grimmett ◽

Jeff Franklin ◽

Craig F. Drury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Organic N ◽

Atlantic Canada ◽

Data Set ◽

N Source

Denitrification losses from agricultural land have been identified as a significant nitrogen (N) loss pathway that contributes to poor utilization of applied N. Higher losses have been reported when inorganic fertilizer N is substituted with an organic N source such as livestock manure. This research examines the relationships between denitrification rates, land management practices and soil processes when using spring applied liquid dairy manure (LDM) as principal N source. Mean daily denitrification rates (DDRs) in a perennial hayfield (PH) rotation and a corn–soybean–wheat (CSW) rotation with or without tillage (T and NT respectively) ranged between 0.9 and 27.0 g N ha−1 day−1. Mean, seasonal DDRs in the PH rotation were significantly lower in three out of six seasons when compared with the CSW-T and (or) CSW-NT rotation. When averaged across the six season study period, the mean DDR in PH of 4.4 g N ha−1 day−1was also significantly lower than CSW-T and NT (7.6 and 8.1 g N ha−1 day−1, respectively). There were no significant effects of tillage in the CSW rotations in any of the six growing seasons. When treatment and growing season data were combined, a positive relationship between water-filled pore space (WFPS) and DDR indicated a threshold of approximately 40% WFPS for onset of significant denitrification. Similarly, the relationship between soil nitrate levels and denitrification rates in the population data set demonstrated that NO3−began to limit DDR below 2–5 mg N kg−1. This 6-year study of denitrification losses suggests a primary effect of WFPS, a secondary effect of O2consumption as reflected by soil respiration, and nitrate limiting only at relatively low concentrations. Environmental variables were more consistent drivers of denitrification in three manure-fed crop rotations typical of Atlantic Canada dairy operations than were land management decisions and practices.

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Impacts of Within-Farm Soil Variability on Nitrogen Pollution Control Costs

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200028843 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 149-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura S. VanDyke ◽

Darrell J. Bosch ◽

James W. Pease

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Nitrogen Pollution ◽

Nitrogen Losses ◽

Soil Variability ◽

Nitrogen Control ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Soil Runoff

AbstractThe effects of considering variable within-farm soil runoff and leaching potential on costs of reducing nitrogen losses are analyzed for a Virginia dairy. Manure applications may cause nitrogen losses through runoff and leaching because of factors such as uncertain nitrogen mineralization. Farmers can reduce nitrogen control costs by applying manure on soils with less nitrogen loss potential. Ignoring within-farm soil variability may result in overstating the farm's costs of reducing nitrogen losses.

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