Study on the Role of Salivary Flora and NF-κB Inflammatory Signal Pathway in Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with different clinical types. Reticular and erosive forms are the most common. Although the cause of OLP remains speculative, many findings suggest auto-immune involvement, mediated by T lymphocytes against the basal keratinocytes. Inflammation, mechanical trauma or toxic agents can affect the epithelial homeostasia. Increased apoptosis may cause a decrease in epithelial thickness reflecting in the activity of the lesion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of apoptosis and epithelial thickness in reticular and erosive forms of OLP. 15 samples of OLP each type (reticular and erosive) plus 10 of healthy mucosa were collected and processed. After morphometry, the apoptotic index and epitelial thickness were obtained. TUNEL and M30 CytoDEATH immunohistochemical assay were used to validate the morphologic criteria used. Apoptosis in the erosive OLP was significantly more intense than in the reticular type and both forms of OLP presented more apoptosis than the healthy oral mucosa. Healthy oral mucosa was thicker than both OLP forms and thicker in OLP reticular form than in the erosive one. The clinical differences between reticular and erosive forms of OLP are related to variations in epithelial thickness and in intensity of apoptosis.

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Salivary and Serum Interferon-Gamma/Interleukin-4 Ratio in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55060257 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 257

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Mozaffari ◽

Maryam Molavi ◽

Pia Lopez-Jornet ◽

Masoud Sadeghi ◽

Mohsen Safaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pathological Effect ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Oral Lichen

Background and Objectives: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin-4 (IL-4) ratio may indicate a change in the immune response with a potential pathological effect presented in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients. Herein, this meta-analysis evaluated the role of serum and salivary interferon-gamma/interleukin-4 ratio in the severity and development of OLP. Materials and Methods: The Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to retrieve the relevant studies published up from the database inception to March 2019. The crude mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by RevMan 5.3 software using a random-effects model. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the results using the CMA 2.0 software. A total of 98 studies were retrieved from the databases, of which at last seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results: The findings showed that the pooled MDs of serum and salivary IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were −0.22 (95% CI: −1.16, 0.72; p = 0.64) and 0.17 (95% CI: −1.50, 1.84; p = 0.84) in OLP patients compared to controls, respectively. In addition, the pooled MDs of serum and salivary IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were −0.15 (95% CI: −0.53, 0.23; p = 0.43) and −0.39 (95% CI: −0.63, −0.15; p = 0.001) in patients with erythematous/ulcerative subtype compared to patients with reticular subtype, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of meta-analysis demonstrated that serum and salivary IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio cannot play a major role in OLP development and severity.

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The association and potentially destructive role of Th9/IL-9 is synergistic with Th17 cells by elevating MMP9 production in local lesions of oral lichen planus

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine ◽

10.1111/jop.12690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 425-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Xiaobing Guan ◽

Zhenhua Luo ◽

Yao Liu ◽

Qian Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Th17 Cells ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Local Lesions ◽

Oral Lichen

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Role of mammary serine protease inhibitor on the inflammatory response in oral lichen planus

Oral Diseases ◽

10.1111/odi.13054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 1091-1099 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Na Xu ◽

Baoyin Li ◽

Zhuanzhuan Liu ◽

Ruifang Gao ◽

Shujuan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Protease Inhibitor ◽

Serine Protease ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽

Oral Lichen

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Mast cell degranulation and the role of T cell RANTES in oral lichen planus

Oral Diseases ◽

10.1034/j.1601-0825.2001.70408.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

ZZ Zhao ◽

PB Sugerman ◽

XJ Zhou ◽

LJ Walsh ◽

NW Savage

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

T Cell ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Mast Cell Degranulation ◽

Oral Lichen

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Oral Verruciform Xanthoma within Lichen Planus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2018/1615086 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vasileios I. Theofilou ◽

Alexandra Sklavounou ◽

Prokopios P. Argyris ◽

Evanthia Chrysomali

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Verruciform Xanthoma ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Wide Range ◽

Oral Lichen

Background. Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign tumor, which exhibits a wide range of clinical patterns. The occurrence of the lesion in patients with immune-mediated mucocutaneous diseases may suggest a role of localized epithelial cell damage and chronic inflammation in its pathogenesis. Case Report. A case of verruciform xanthoma on the tongue of a 56-year-old female with oral lichen planus is reported. An asymptomatic pink-white lesion with a granular surface was observed in the left lateral lingual border, which was closely associated with a white plaque and striae. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histologically, epithelial projections in a verrucous pattern were observed. In the subepithelial connective tissue, aggregates of foamy cells that exhibited immunoreactivity for CD68 were noted. The final diagnosis was verruciform xanthoma. The mucosa adjacent to the lesion demonstrated histopathological features consistent with lichen planus. Conclusions. A total of twelve cases of oral verruciform xanthomas in patients with oral lichen planus including the present case have been reported in the literature. The clinician should be aware that verruciform xanthoma may mimic malignancy, and therefore, biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis to be established, especially when this tumor develops within conditions that show potential for malignant transformation.

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