Oral Verruciform Xanthoma within Lichen Planus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background. Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign tumor, which exhibits a wide range of clinical patterns. The occurrence of the lesion in patients with immune-mediated mucocutaneous diseases may suggest a role of localized epithelial cell damage and chronic inflammation in its pathogenesis. Case Report. A case of verruciform xanthoma on the tongue of a 56-year-old female with oral lichen planus is reported. An asymptomatic pink-white lesion with a granular surface was observed in the left lateral lingual border, which was closely associated with a white plaque and striae. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histologically, epithelial projections in a verrucous pattern were observed. In the subepithelial connective tissue, aggregates of foamy cells that exhibited immunoreactivity for CD68 were noted. The final diagnosis was verruciform xanthoma. The mucosa adjacent to the lesion demonstrated histopathological features consistent with lichen planus. Conclusions. A total of twelve cases of oral verruciform xanthomas in patients with oral lichen planus including the present case have been reported in the literature. The clinician should be aware that verruciform xanthoma may mimic malignancy, and therefore, biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis to be established, especially when this tumor develops within conditions that show potential for malignant transformation.

Download Full-text

Role Of Efferocytosis In Oral Lichen Planus

10.1101/2021.08.09.455749 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rooban Thavarajah ◽

Kannan Ranganathan

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Differential Analysis ◽

Cell Debris ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Key Genes ◽

Oral Lichen

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, immune mediated interface mucositis of oral mucosa. Though the apoptosis of keratinocytes is a feature of OLP, not much is known about the clearance of cell debris (efferocytosis) resulting from apoptosis. We postulate that there is a defective or delayed efferocytosis in OLP, which may have a role in modulating the immune response in OLP. Methods: Published mRNA expression of tissue of 14 patients with OLP and 14 cases of normal tissues were subjected to differential analysis (DE) and a list of DE genes identified. From this list, the genes that involved in efferocytosis were collated, compared and their interactions are typed. Result: In all, two studies fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. On combining the data, 1486 genes were significantly different between OLP and normal tissues. 28 of these 1486 genes are were associated with efferocytosis of which the suppression of LRP1, LDLR, ANAX2, C2, PBX1, PDCD4, S1PR5, CX3CL1, STAT6 and Wnt3A is indicative of defective or delayed efferocytosis in OLP. The role of pathways and associations were analyzed and is presented here. Discussion and Conclusion: The study revealed that certain key genes mRNAs that are associated with efferocytosis are altered in OLP. They could delay or lead to defective efferocytosis. Studying such genes in detail could provide deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the discovery of therapeutic targets.

Download Full-text

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in oral lichen planus – case report and literature review

ORL ro ◽

10.26416/orl.48.3.2020.3748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (48) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Corina I. Cucu ◽

Liliana Gabriela Popa ◽

Călin Giurcăneanu ◽

Vladimir S. Ibric Cioran ◽

Cristina Beiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen

Download Full-text

Histopathological specialized staining of oral lichen planus-induced fibrotic changes and surgical treatment of associated restricted mouth opening: a case report

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00514-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Atsushi Shudo

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Mouth Opening ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Collagen Formation ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Cytokeratin 13 ◽

Oral Lichen

Abstract Background Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease that affects the oral mucosa. Recent findings have suggested that oral lichen planus is often associated with submucosal fibrotic changes. Fibrotic changes in the buccal submucosa may cause restricted mouth opening. This report discusses the histopathological examination (including specialized staining) and surgical treatment for oral lichen planus-induced fibrotic changes. Case presentation Here, we describe a 63-year-old woman who had oral lichen planus with fibrotic changes. Her maximum mouth opening distance was approximately 30 mm due to submucosal fibrotic changes, and she exhibited gradual fibrosis progression. Histological examinations were performed to assess the oral lichen planus-induced fibrotic changes. Then, double Z-plasty were performed as treatment for restricted mouth opening. The immunohistochemical staining results were negative for cytokeratin 13 and positive in some layers for cytokeratin 17 and Ki-67/MIB-1. Masson's trichrome staining showed enhanced collagen formation. Postoperative mouth opening training enabled the patient to achieve a mouth opening distance of > 50 mm. Conclusion Our findings suggest that histopathological examination with specialized staining can aid in the evaluation of oral lichen planus-induced fibrotic changes, and that Z-plasty is effective for the treatment of restricted mouth opening due to oral lichen planus.

Download Full-text

In situ carcinoma developed over oral lichen planus: a case report with analysis of BUB3, p16, p53, Ki67 and SOX4 expression

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/1678-775720150058 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 442-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eduardo Augusto ROSA ◽

Erica Negrini LIA ◽

Sergio Bruzadelli MACEDO ◽

Rivadavio Fernandes Batista de AMORIM

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

In Situ Carcinoma ◽

Oral Lichen

Download Full-text

Role of mast cells in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology ◽

10.4103/0973-029x.86674 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rachna Sharma ◽

Keya Sircar ◽

Sanjeet Singh ◽

Varun Rastogi

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen

Download Full-text

Oral Lichen Planus in a 7-year-old Child: A Rare Case Report

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1713 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 91-93

Author(s):

Nanthini K Chinnasamy ◽

Divyambika C Venugopal ◽

Sathasivasubramanian Sankarapandian

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Rare Case ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Rare Case Report ◽

Oral Lichen

Download Full-text

Role of apoptosis in erosive and reticular oral lichen planus exhibiting variable epithelial thickness

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402008000300001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Juliana M. Caldeira Brant ◽

Anilton C. Vasconcelos ◽

Luciana V. Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Mechanical Trauma ◽

Epithelial Thickness ◽

Healthy Mucosa ◽

Toxic Agents ◽

Oral Lichen

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with different clinical types. Reticular and erosive forms are the most common. Although the cause of OLP remains speculative, many findings suggest auto-immune involvement, mediated by T lymphocytes against the basal keratinocytes. Inflammation, mechanical trauma or toxic agents can affect the epithelial homeostasia. Increased apoptosis may cause a decrease in epithelial thickness reflecting in the activity of the lesion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of apoptosis and epithelial thickness in reticular and erosive forms of OLP. 15 samples of OLP each type (reticular and erosive) plus 10 of healthy mucosa were collected and processed. After morphometry, the apoptotic index and epitelial thickness were obtained. TUNEL and M30 CytoDEATH immunohistochemical assay were used to validate the morphologic criteria used. Apoptosis in the erosive OLP was significantly more intense than in the reticular type and both forms of OLP presented more apoptosis than the healthy oral mucosa. Healthy oral mucosa was thicker than both OLP forms and thicker in OLP reticular form than in the erosive one. The clinical differences between reticular and erosive forms of OLP are related to variations in epithelial thickness and in intensity of apoptosis.

Download Full-text

Salivary and Serum Interferon-Gamma/Interleukin-4 Ratio in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55060257 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 257

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Mozaffari ◽

Maryam Molavi ◽

Pia Lopez-Jornet ◽

Masoud Sadeghi ◽

Mohsen Safaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pathological Effect ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Oral Lichen

Background and Objectives: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin-4 (IL-4) ratio may indicate a change in the immune response with a potential pathological effect presented in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients. Herein, this meta-analysis evaluated the role of serum and salivary interferon-gamma/interleukin-4 ratio in the severity and development of OLP. Materials and Methods: The Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to retrieve the relevant studies published up from the database inception to March 2019. The crude mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by RevMan 5.3 software using a random-effects model. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the results using the CMA 2.0 software. A total of 98 studies were retrieved from the databases, of which at last seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results: The findings showed that the pooled MDs of serum and salivary IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were −0.22 (95% CI: −1.16, 0.72; p = 0.64) and 0.17 (95% CI: −1.50, 1.84; p = 0.84) in OLP patients compared to controls, respectively. In addition, the pooled MDs of serum and salivary IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were −0.15 (95% CI: −0.53, 0.23; p = 0.43) and −0.39 (95% CI: −0.63, −0.15; p = 0.001) in patients with erythematous/ulcerative subtype compared to patients with reticular subtype, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of meta-analysis demonstrated that serum and salivary IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio cannot play a major role in OLP development and severity.

Download Full-text