scholarly journals Ocular Effects of Exposure to 40, 75, and 95 GHz Millimeter Waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 912-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Kojima ◽  
Yukihisa Suzuki ◽  
Kensuke Sasaki ◽  
Masao Taki ◽  
Kanako Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Fluorescence Staining ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Incident Power Density ◽  
Focus Type ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Cornea Thickness

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a model of ocular damage induced by 40, 75, and 95 GHz continuous millimeter waves (MMW), thereby allowing assessment of the clinical course of ocular damage resulting from exposure to thermal damage-inducing MMW. This study also examined the dependence of ocular damage on incident power density. Pigmented rabbit eyes were exposed to 40, 75, and 95 GHz MMW from a spot-focus-type lens antenna. Slight ocular damage was observed 10 min after MMW exposure, including reduced cornea thickness and reduced transparency. Diffuse fluorescein staining around the pupillary area indicated corneal epithelial injury. Slit-lamp examination 1 day after MMW exposure revealed a round area of opacity, accompanied by fluorescence staining, in the central pupillary zone. Corneal edema, indicative of corneal stromal damage, peaked 1 day after MMW exposure, with thickness gradually subsiding to normal. Three days after exposure, ocular conditions had almost normalized, though corneal thickness was slightly greater than that before exposure. The 50% probability of ocular damage (DD50) was in the order 40 > 95 ≈ 75 GHz at the same incident power densities.

scholarly journals Corneal Edema with Anterior Uveitis after Exposure to the Sap of Euphorbia trigona: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
Takashi Ono ◽  
Yosai Mori ◽  
Ryohei Nejima ◽  
Takuya Iwasaki ◽  
Takashi Miyai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Keratic Precipitates ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Minimum Angle ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density

Although a few cases of dermatitis or keratitis caused by exposure to the sap of <i>Euphorbia trigona</i> have been reported, we present a rare case of transient corneal endothelial dysfunction following exposure to the sap, resulting in corneal edema. A woman in her 70s complained of reduced vision, redness, and teariness in her left eye 2 days after exposure to the sap of <i>E</i>. <i>trigona</i> at home. Upon examination, hyperemia, serious corneal edema, and anterior uveitis with hypopyon were observed in her left eye, without corneal epithelial defects or keratic precipitates. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2.0 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and the measured central corneal thickness (CCT) was 812 µm. The patient was treated with topical instillation of 1.5% levofloxacin and 0.1% dexamethasone to reduce intraocular inflammation and corneal edema. Three weeks later, the BCVA reached 0, the CCT was 519 μm, and the corneal endothelial cell density was 3,233 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>. Six months after the injury, the patient had good visual acuity, and the cornea was completely transparent. No recurrence of corneal edema or anterior uveitis was observed. Exposure to the sap of <i>E</i>. <i>trigona</i> can lead to severe corneal edema with anterior uveitis, impairing visual acuity. Taking precautions to prevent the exposure of the eye to the sap of this plant is crucial.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of repeated crosslinking assisted by transepithelial double-cycle iontophoresis in keratoconus progression after primary corneal crosslinking

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huping Wu ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
Shunrong Luo ◽  
Xie Fang ◽  
Xumin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Persistent Epithelial Defect ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated corneal collagen crosslinking assisted by transepithelial double-cycle iontophoresis (DI-CXL) in the management of keratoconus progression after primary CXL. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in the patients who underwent repeated CXL between 2016 and 2018. These patients were treated with DI-CXL if keratoconus progression was confirmed after primary CXL. Scoring of ocular pain and corneal epithelial damage, visual acuity, corneal tomography, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) was performed before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after DI-CXL. Results Overall, 21 eyes of 12 patients (mean age 17.3 ± 1.9 years) were included in this study. Before DI-CXL, an average increase of 4.26 D in Kmax was detected in these patients with a mean follow-up interval of (23.0 ± 13.7) months. After DI-CXL, corneal epithelial damage rapidly recovered within days. Visual acuity remained unchanged with follow-up of 24 months. When compared to baseline, significant decreases were observed in Kmax (at 3 months) and K2 (at 3 and 6 months) after DI-CXL. Corneal thickness of thinnest point significantly decreased at 3 months postoperatively. When compared to baseline, no significant differences were found in any of the refractive or tomographic parameters at 12 and 24 months. IVCM revealed trabecular patterned hyperdense tissues after DI-CXL in the anterior stroma at the depth of 200 μm or more. No corneal infiltration or persistent epithelial defect was recorded after DI-CXL. Conclusion DI-CXL is safe and effective as a good alternative in stabilizing keratoconus progression after primary CXL.

scholarly journals Skin Temperature Elevation for Incident Power Densities From Dipole Arrays at 28 Ghz

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 26863-26871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Nakae ◽  
Daisuke Funahashi ◽  
Junji Higashiyama ◽  
Teruo Onishi ◽  
Akimasa Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Power Densities

Limitations of Incident Power Density as a Proxy for Induced Electromagnetic Fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Christ ◽  
Theodoros Samaras ◽  
Esra Neufeld ◽  
Niels Kuster
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Incident Power Density

Effect of Exposure to RF of Fertilized Chicken Eggs and Pregnant Mice on Hatchability, Organ-Weight, and Locally Delayed Hypersensitivity

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Kenichi Saito ◽  
◽  
Yukari Tsuchida ◽  
Kouichiro Yamada ◽  
Masahiro Sugiyamaand Nobuo Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Rf Exposure ◽  
Incident Power Density ◽  
Pregnant Mice

The present study consists of two experiments. The first experiment investigates the influence of chronic exposure of 428MHz radio frequency (RF) with an incident power density of 4mW/cm² on the development of chick embryos. Prolonged incubation was found in exposured eggs as compared to the non-exposured (22 vs 21 days). The average thymus weight in both sexes was smaller than that of the control. RF exposure also led to a significant decrease in the thymic cell density of female chicks. The second experiment was conducted in order to reveal the effects of chronic exposure of the immune system of mice exposed to 428MHz-RF with an incident power density of 1mW/cm² during pregnancy. It was found that RF exposure alters the immune system of mice. RF suppressed the cell-mediated immune-competence by local delayed hypersensitivity. These results suggest that chronic exposure of 428MHz-RF radiation induce biological effects on chick embryo and mice.

Toward a General Theory of Cutting: A Relationship Between the Incident Power Density and the Cut Speed

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Bunting ◽  
G. Cornfield
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Incident Power Density ◽  
Good Agreement

A relationship between the power density incident on a material and the resulting cut speed is developed in terms of the thermal properties of the material. The expression obtained is general and is shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. It is shown that the efficiency of energy utilization is influenced by the incident power density and the jet diameter. The theory indicates that to maximize cut speed and energy utilization the jet diameter should be as small as possible consistent with an attainable power density.

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